BACKGROUND There is significant interest in the restoration of the double-bundle anatomy of the native ACL when performing ACL reconstruction. Possible techniques include those utilizing two separate grafts with independent tunnels and those that attempt to mimic this anatomy with a single graft and fewer tunnels. Many of the latter techniques require specific instrumentation and are technicall...

OBJECTIVES It is critical to determine the location and configuration of the mandibular canal and related vital structures during the implant treatment. The purpose of the present study was to review the literature concerning the mandibular canal and inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle anatomical variations related to the implant surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature was selected throug...

Surgical resections of the lung have in recent years become common and relatively safe procedures. Depending upon the extent and nature of the disease process, the whole lung, one or two lobes, or one or more bronchopulmonary segments may require excision. Modern pulmonary resection depends to a very large extent upon the precise identification of the primary, secondary, and tertiary hilar bron...

UNLABELLED Fusion of images of vascular anatomy and of myocardial perfusion images might be helpful for understanding the relationship between ischemia and the responsible vessels. The aim of this study was to develop a simple means of superimposing the images obtained from coronary angiography and gated myocardial perfusion SPECT. METHODS Right and left oblique views from conventional corona...

We have developed a highly detailed mathematical model for the urine concentrating mechanism (UCM) of the rat kidney outer medulla (OM). The model simulates preferential interactions among tubules and vessels by representing four concentric regions that are centered on a vascular bundle; tubules and vessels, or fractions thereof, are assigned to anatomically appropriate regions. Model parameter...

Although technical advances enable normal epicardial coronary artery blood flow to be restored in most patients suffering myocardial infarction, restoration of blood flow is not always followed by improved myocardial perfusion. Recently, therefore, interest in the assessment of myocardial perfusion has grown, and a number of different assessment methods are available. The aim of this article wa...

Congenital coronary artery anomalies are of major significance in clinical cardiology and cardiac surgery due to their association with myocardial ischaemia and sudden death. Such anomalies are detectable by imaging modalities and, according to various definitions, their prevalence ranges from 0.21 to 5.79%. This consensus document from the Development, Anatomy and Pathology Working Group of th...

During the past three decades, the landscape of percutaneous cardiovascular interventions (PCIs) has dramatically changed. Improved technical experience coupled with a vast array of technologies to choose from has allowed the interventional cardiologist to tackle increasingly complex anatomy for revascularization. While stent implantation is undoubtedly the mainstay of the current percutaneous ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance for coronary interventions offers potential advantages over conventional x-ray angiography. Advantages include the use of nonionizing radiation, combined assessment of anatomy and function, and three-dimensional assessment of the coronary arteries leading to the myocardium. These advantages have prompted a series of recent studies in this field. Real-ti...