During the routine gross anatomical dissection of the right inguinal region of a 45-year-old male cadaver, a variation was observed both in the inferior epigastric artery and the inferior epigastric vein. In this case, the right inferior epigastric artery originated from the femoral artery 13 mm inferior to the inguinal ligament. Additionally, in this cadaver, the single right inferior epi...

Anatomical study of the proximal intercostal nerve in cadavers revealed three nerve forms, depending on the relation between the nerve and adjacent ribs. This was found in the classical subcostal position in 16.6%, in the midzone in 73% and in the inferior supracostal position in 10%.

A 31-year-old woman was admitted to our department in order to undergo a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The operation was converted to open due to cholorrhea during the dissection in the hepatocystic triangle. The cholorrhea came from a transected bile duct, which was 2 mm in diameter, came out of the hepatoduodenal ligament, ran along the common hepatic duct and drained into the cystic duct, in...

Variations in the arrangement and distribution of brachial plexus and its branches in the infraclavicular part are common and have been reported by several investigators since the 19th century. These variations are significant for the neurologists, surgeons, anesthetists and the anatomists. During routine anatomical dissection of the right axilla and infraclavicular region of a 45-year-old male...

The rabbit, which is widely used as an experimental animal and is also popular as a companion animal, has a flat and elongated spleen with the longitudinal hilus running along its visceral surface. The spleen receives via the hilus an arterial supply that is essential for splenic nutrition and normal functioning. However, the distribution and variation of the arteries to the spleen have not bee...

A complex variation in the pattern of blood supply to the palm of the hand was encountered during a routine dissection of a female adult cadaver. Findings were: (a) there was no communication between the superficial palmar branches of the radial and ulnar arteries (incomplete superficial palmar arch); (b) the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery coursed superficially to the thenar mus...

The present study measured the position of the greater palatine foramen relative to adjacent anatomical landmarks in Brazilian skulls. The perpendicular distance of the greater palatine foramen to the midline maxillary suture in Brazilian skulls was about 14 mm and the distance of greater palatine foramen to the incisive foramen was approximately 36 mm. The distance of greater palatine foramen ...

Although interpatient variations in the course and anatomy of extracranial internal carotid arteries (EICAs) have been described previously, intrapatient variability is rarely cited in the literature. Distance between EICAs and the pharyngeal wall is an important determinant of vascular injury risk. A retropharyngeal EICA has crucial implications in patients undergoing pharyngeal procedures, an...

Torsion of the gallbladder with gangrene is a rare condition which is generally due to an abnormal anatomical variation of the organ i.e., loss of fixation of the organ to the inferior margin of the liver and the presence of a long meso cyst. The case considered is a seven year old boy who presented with acute abdominal pain. He underwent laparotomy 36 hours after having sustained blunt ab...

Variation in the branching pattern of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve has remain one of the commonest cause among the surgeons for not obtaining adequate local anesthesia in routine oral or dental procedure. In this article, we discuss about a case of an unusual communication between mylohyoid and lingual nerve in a 50-year-old female cadaver seen in a routine dissection in medical coll...