Micro reading in machine reading can be compared to deep reading in human reading. Deep reading has been defined as a set of processes that enable comprehension and that include inferential and deductive reasoning, analogical skills, critical analysis, reflection, and insight. In this paper, we sketch what we envision to be a viable approach to micro reading. The proposed approach leverages the...

One of the biggest problems related to application analogies in teaching and learning relates possibility misunderstanding content learn?ing, which such cases is caused by unjustified analogical transfer. The paper presents results research on transfer situations that are typical for an academic context. aim was examine extent tendency towards expressed with analogy. A quasi-experimental elemen...

of it suffer from a number of limitations, including: The effectiveness of an analogical reasoner depends upon its ability to select a relevant analogical source. In many problem domains, however, too little is known about target problems to support effective source selection. This paper describes the design and evaluation of SCAVENGER, an analogical reasoner that applies two techniques to this...

A companion paper in this book emphasizes the emergency of computer-based intelligent analysis of digital information flows, provides some prompting toward its solution, and sketches an approach to intelligent data (audio, images, video, mixed) analysis and synthesis. In the present paper, we describe how to extract semantic components from unordered data sets (Gestalt problem) in visual inform...

Three theories of analogy have been proposed which are supported by computational models and data from experiments on human analogical abilities. In this paper, we show how these theories can be unified within a common metatheoretical framework which distinguishes between levels of informational, behavioural and hardware constraints. This framework makes clear the distinctions between three com...

Brain-based evidence has implicated the frontal pole of the brain as important for analogical mapping. Separately, cognitive research has identified semantic distance as a key determinant of the creativity of analogical mapping (i.e., more distant analogies are generally more creative). Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess brain activity during an analogy generation tas...

Analogy is an inductive mechanism based on structured comparisons of mental representations. It is an important special case of role-based relational reasoning, in which inferences are generated on the basis of patterns of relational roles. Analogical reasoning is a complex process involving retrieval of structured knowledge from long-term memory, representing and manipulating role-filler bindi...

Introduction This synthesis paper discusses the research exploring analogical reasoning, the role of analogies in the engineering design process, and educational applications for analogical reasoning. Researchers have discovered that analogical reasoning is often a fundamental cognitive tool in design problem solving. Regarding the possible role of analogical reasoning in the context of technol...

Two papers to be presented at the March 1990 GRAGRA meeting in Bremen: the more general “Representation of knowledge using graph grammars” which argues for graphs as the universal KR formalism. The more specific “The four musicians: analogies and expert systems a graphic approach” which demonstrates the use of graphics for type inheritance and analogical reasoning.