BACKGROUND The most efficient sexual behavior for HIV transmission is unprotected receptive anal intercourse. However, it is unclear what role heterosexual unprotected anal sex is playing in the world's worst HIV epidemics of southern Africa. The objective is to examine the prevalence of heterosexual unprotected anal intercourse among men and women who drink at informal alcohol serving establis...

PURPOSE The incidence of anal cancer is high in patients with anal condyloma. HIV increases this risk. We analyzed anal mucosa from normal individuals and individuals with condyloma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Normal anal mucosa from 155 consecutively recruited patients (102 HIV-positive and 53 HIV-negative) with anal condyloma was compared with that obtained from 30 HIV-negative patients after hemo...

INTRODUCTION The incidence of anal cancer is significantly higher in men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV when compared to the general population. We aimed to assess their awareness, knowledge and perceived level of personal risk for anal cancer to help inform educational strategies targeting this group. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 327 HIV positive MSM in Melbourne, Australi...

BACKGROUND The frequencies and types of anal symptoms were compared with the frequencies and types of benign anal diseases (BAD). METHODS Patients transferred from GPs, physicians or gynaecologists for anal and/or abdominal complaints/signs were enrolled and asked to complete a questionnaire about their symptoms. Proctologic assessment was performed in the knee-chest position. Definitions of ...

background medical sphincterotomy has gained popularity as a treatment for anal fissure. calcium channel blockers in topical forms could also be appropriate with low adverse effects. objectives this was a prospective randomized controlled trial to compare topical and oral nifedipine in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. patients and methods a prospective randomized controlled trial was cond...

Background Female sex workers have been disproportionately affected with HIV and anal sexual experience elevate their vulnerability. Anal intercourse has more risk of HIV transmission than vaginal intercourse for receptors that coupled with low condom and proper lubricant use behavior during anal sex. Besides majority of them did not understand HIV transmission risk of anal intercourse. In Ethi...

Many leaf-rolling caterpillars have a rigid anal comb attached to the lower surface of the anal plate (or shield) situated above the anus. This comb is widely assumed to be a lever used to 'flick' away frass pellets. An alternative mechanism to explain pellet discharge is proposed on the basis of observations on the caterpillar of the skipper Calpodes ethlius. The model proposes that the unders...

BACKGROUND Topical nitrates lower anal sphincter pressure and heal anal fissures, but a majority of patients experience headache. The internal anal sphincter has a calcium dependent mechanism to maintain tone, and also receives an inhibitory extrinsic cholinergic innervation. It may therefore be possible to lower anal sphincter pressure using calcium channel blockers and cholinergic agonists wi...