Abstract. Vegetation conditions can be monitored on a global scale using remote sensing observations in various wavelength domains. In the microwave domain, data from spaceborne missions are available late 1970s onwards. From these observations, vegetation optical depth (VOD) estimated, which is an indicator of total canopy water content and hence above-ground biomass its moisture state. Observ...

Abstract. The snow water equivalent (SWE) is an important parameter of surface hydrological and climate systems, it has a profound impact on Arctic amplification change. However, there are great differences among existing SWE products. In the land region above 45∘ N, products associated with limited time span spatial coverage, resolution coarse, which greatly limits application data in cryosphe...

The vegetation optical depth (VOD), a index retrieved from passive or active microwave remote sensing systems, is related to the intensity of extinction effects within canopy layer. This only marginally impacted by atmosphere, clouds and sun illumination, thus increasingly used for ecological applications at large scales. Newly released VOD products show different abilities in monitoring featur...

Abstract. Seasonal ice cover is one of the important attributes lakes in middle- and high-latitude regions. The annual freeze-up breakup dates as well duration (i.e., lake phenology) are sensitive to weather climate; hence, they can be used an indicator climate variability change. In addition optical, active microwave, raw passive microwave data that provide daily observations, Calibrated Enhan...

Abstract. Although snow depth on sea ice is a key parameter for thickness (SIT) retrieval, there currently does not exist reliable estimations. In the Arctic, nearly all SIT products use climatology (the modified Warren-99 climatology, W99m) constructed from in situ data obtained prior to first significant impacts of climate change. Antarctic, lack information remains major obstacle development...