Carotenoid turnover was investigated in mature leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by 14CO2 pulse-chase labeling under control-light (CL; 130 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)) and high-light (HL; 1,000 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)) conditions. Following a 30-min 14CO2 administration, photosynthetically fixed 14C was quickly incorporated in beta-carotene (beta-C) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) i...

introduction: in order to study the alterations of beta 1 and 2 integrins mrna level in rat lumbar spinal cord following the induction of chronic pain and its effect on the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, we examined the level of expression of these genes in the presence of chronic pain, which is an inhibitor of morphine tolerance. we used induction of chronic pain alone and in ...

Thyroid hormone action is not only determined by hormone availability, but also by target organ sensitivity. A dominant negative interaction is known to occur between thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and the non-ligand binding splicing variant c-erbA alpha 2 as well as mutant TR beta 1 from kindreds with resistance to thyroid hormone. We compared the inhibitory effect of naturally occurring muta...

The distribution of long-chain saturated fatty acids in triglycerides is different in infant formulas to that in human milk. In human milk, palmitic acid is predominantly esterified in the sn-2 position (beta-position) of the triglycerides, whereas in infant formulas, it is esterified mainly in the sn-1,3 positions (alpha,alpha'-positions). The specific distribution of the fatty acids in the tr...

We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the two nonallelic adult beta-globin genes of the C57BL/10 mouse. These genes, designated beta s and beta t, show a sequence similarity of 99.6% over the region bordered by the translational start and stop codons. Both beta s and beta t encode functional polypeptide chains that are identical. A comparison of the C57BL/10 beta-globin haploty...

(25R)-26-Hydroxycholesterol (I) was synthesized in six steps from (22Z,25R)-cholesta-5,22-diene-3 beta,26-diol (II) in 31% overall yield. The 26-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl ether of II was converted via its 3 beta-tosylate to (22Z,25R)-6 beta-methoxy-26-(tert- butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-3 alpha,5-cyclo-5 alpha-cholest-22-ene (V). Removal of the 26-silyl group of V gave (22Z,25R)-6 beta-methoxy-3 alpha,...

Conjugates of bilirubin were studied in normal bile of man and rat, and in bile of liver patients. In general human bile was obtained by duodenal intubation. In addition T-tube bile was examined in patients operated on for mechanical obstruction. The bile pigment compositions of duodenal and T-tube bile were similar in two patients where comparison was possible. Obstruction of the bile duct in ...

By using a primary in vitro response specific for Leishmania major, normal T cells from resistant CBA/CaH-T6J and susceptible BALB/c mice commit to a Th1 and a Th2 response, respectively. Since commitment occurred, we measured the production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-12, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-be...

The glucansucrase known as alternansucrase [EC 2.4.1.140] can transfer glucosyl units from sucrose to raffinose to give good yields of oligosaccharides, which may serve as prebiotics. The main products were the tetrasaccharides alpha-d-Glcp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-Galp-(1-->6)-alpha-d-Glcp-(1<-->2)-beta-d-Fruf and alpha-d-Glcp-(1-->4)-alpha-d-Galp-(1-->6)-alpha-d-Glcp-(1<-->2)-beta-d-Fruf in ratios ran...

Chicken lens spectrin is composed predominantly of equimolar amounts of two polypeptides with solubility properties similar, but not identical, to erythrocyte spectrin. The larger polypeptide, Mr 240,000 (lens alpha-spectrin), co-migrates with erythrocyte and brain alpha-spectrin on one- and two-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gels and cross-reacts with antibodies specific for chicken erythrocyt...