Introduction: Statement of the Problem: Cleaning and shaping are regarded as the most important aspects of root canal therapy and prerequisite for the success of endodontic treatment. Apical transportations can jeopardize the outcome of treatment due to the significant decrease in the sealing ability of root filling material. The purpose of this study was to evaluate transportation in type II c...

In this paper a new computational model to estimate the performance of an air to water heat pump in relation to outdoor temperatures is proposed and evaluated. This model is an extension and refinement of a model proposed in previous work. In the new model the following has been taken into account. Real empirical data for usage of a heat pump over a whole heating season have been used to obtain...

The gills of freshwater mussels perform many functions that depend on water flow through the water canals and channels. Regulation of water flow depends in part on ciliary activity and in part on the contraction of musculature underlying the gill filament and water channel epithelium. Obliquely striated muscles control water canal openings (ostia) at the base of the filaments and also at the en...

a long-term field experiment was conducted for 7 years to evaluate the effect of different amendments to mitigate the adverse effect of saline-sodic water in a calcareous soil under cotton-wheat cropping system. the pooled results over 7 years revealed that the application of saline-sodic water decreased the mean cotton-seed yield by 20.7% as compared to good quality canal water. however, wheat...

Pakistan’s Irrigation system is more than a century old, the distribution system within any canal command is designed to distribute the canal water equitably ignoring rainfall patterns and underlying groundwater resources. Now, the groundwater contribution in meeting crop water requirement has even crossed the canal water supply in the existing scenario of increased cropping intensities. The un...

Irrigation has been performed in conjunction with endodontic therapy for many years. One of the primary reasons for irrigating the root canal system is to ensure cleanliness of the canals prior to obturation. This cleanliness involves both elimination of microorganisms and removal of organic matter. Sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] is the most commonly used solution in root canal treatments, despite...

The Thar Desert occupies about two-third part in the State of Rajasthan. Traditionally, agriculture in this region depends on the scanty rainfall. Irrigation was introduced in ths area by commissioning Indira Gandh Nahar Pariyojona (IGNP). The total irrigation potential is estimated as 13.87 lakh hectares. Canal irrigation has brought a significant change in the cropping pattern. The traditiona...

Adequacy of water supply plays a vital role in maintaining lawn health. Water need to be dispersed intelligently to provide a sufficient amount of moisture to the soil. Conventional system was investigated and it is found that the system used excessive amount of water and the amount dispersed may not be suitable for the moisture level of the lawn since it does not consider soil moisture based o...