An attempt was made to purify Clostridium perfringens Beta toxin. Crude toxin prepared by ammonium sulphate precipitation of culture supernatants was purified by chromatography on Sephadex G50, Sephadex G100 and DEAE cellulose. This material, although highly purified was not homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It had a toxicity of 800 000 mouse MLDs/mg N, a typical protein absorp...

According to the European REACH Directive, the acute toxicity towards Daphnia magna should be assessed for any industrial chemical with a market volume of more than 1 t/a. Therefore, it is highly recommended to determine the toxicity at a certain confidence level, either experimentally or by applying reliable prediction models. To this end, a large dataset was compiled, with the experimental ac...

Nitrogen (N) enrichment resulting from anthropogenic activities has greatly changed the composition and functioning of soil communities. Nematodes are one of the most abundant and diverse groups of soil organisms, and they occupy key trophic positions in the soil detritus food web. Nematodes have therefore been proposed as useful indicators for shifts in soil ecosystem functioning under N enric...

Abstract The work presented here focused on the extraction of gold (Au), silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) from electronic waste using a solution ammonium thiosulfate. Thiosulfate was used as valid alternative to cyanide for precious metal extractions, due its non-toxicity high selectivity. interactions between sodium thiosulfate, total ammonia/ammonium, concentrations particle size printed circui...

Pig manure is an excellent fertilizer and rich source of organic carbon and nitrogen compounds such organic nitrogen (O-N) (95% of total nitrogen) that is plant-unavailable-nitrogen (PUN) and mineralized nitrogen (about 1% of total nitrogen) such as ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3) that are plant-available-nitrogen (PAN). In addition, manure also contains two forms of estrogens: (i) poorly est...

Hydrazine propellants pose a substantial operational concern to the U.S. Air Force and to the aerospace industry because of their toxicity. In our continuing efforts to develop methods for the prediction of the toxicological response to such materials, we have measured in vitro toxicity endpoints for a series of high-energy chemicals (HECs) that were recently proposed as propellants. The HECs c...

Geldanamycin (GDM) has been modified by different type neutral/acidic/basic substituents (1–7) and quinuclidine motif (8), transformed into ammonium salts (9–13) at C(17). These compounds have characterised spectroscopic x-ray methods. Derivative 8 shows better potency than GDM in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, A549 HeLa (IC50s = 0.09–1.06 µM). Transformation of 9–13 reduces toxicity (by 11-fold) attractiv...

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used in disinfection of water, surfaces and instruments as well as in textile, leather and food industries because of their relatively low toxicity, broad antimicrobial spectrum, non-volatility and chemical stability. Due to these advantages, QACs are also used in restoration and can be applied on historical material. The aim of this study was to ...

The aquatic ecotoxicity of chemicals involved in the manufacturing process of thin film transistor liquid crystal displays was assessed with a battery of four selected acute toxicity bioassays. We focused on tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH, CAS No. 75-59-2), a widely utilized etchant. The toxicity of TMAH was low when tested in the 72 h-algal growth inhibition test (Pseudokirchneriellia sub...