The simultaneous removal of formaldehyde and ammonium in aerobic cultures and the inhibitory effect of formaldehyde on ammonium oxidation were investigated. The influence of a co-substrate, methanol, on formaldehyde biodegradation and on the nitrification process was also evaluated. Formaldehyde was completely removed at all concentrations tested (30–3890 mg dm−3) in assays with that compound a...

Leachate from municipal landfills can create groundwater contaminant plumes that may last for decades to centuries. The fate of reactive contaminants in leachate-affected aquifers depends on the sustainability of biogeochemical processes affecting contaminant transport. Temporal variations in the configuration of redox zones downgradient from the Norman Landfill were studied for more than a dec...

Respiratory ammonification of nitrate is the microbial process that determines the retention of nitrogen in an ecosystem. To date, sulfur-dependent dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium has been demonstrated only with sulfide as an electron donor. We detected a novel pathway that couples the sulfur and nitrogen cycles. Thermophilic anaerobic bacteria Thermosulfurimonas dismutans and Dissu...

The occurrence of simultaneous partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification (SNAD) observed in a single partially aerated full-scale bioreactor treating landfill-leachate is reported in this paper. At present, the full-scale bioreactor is treating an average leachate flow of 304 m(3)d(-1) with a sludge retention time between 12 and 18d. The average COD, NH(4)(+)-N and...

Nitrification, the microbial oxidation of ammonium (NH4 ), is one of the key nitrogen transformation processes. It is performed under oxic conditions by 2 groups of bacteria, one group that oxidizes ammonium to nitrite (NO2 ) and a second group that further oxidizes nitrite to nitrate (NO − 3 ). Nitrification links organic matter mineralization (ammonification) and nitrogen removal through deni...

Boreal trees rely on their ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts to acquire growth-limiting nutrients, such as nitrogen (N), which mainly occurs as proteins complexed in soil organic matter (SOM). The mechanisms for liberating this N are unclear as ectomycorrhizal fungi have lost many genes encoding lignocellulose-degrading enzymes present in their saprotrophic ancestors. We hypothesized that hydrox...

A new series of isoxazole tethered quinone-amino acid hybrids has been designed and synthesized involving 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction followed by an oxidation reaction using cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN). Using this method, for the first time various isoxazole tethered quinone-phenyl alanine and quinone-alanine hybrids were synthesized from simple commercially available 4-bromobenzyl bro...

A novel, efficient, convenient and environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of nitriles and imines from primary amines has been developed. Using commercially available red copper as the catalyst, ammonium bromide as the co-catalyst and molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant, nitriles and imines can be afforded in high yields through benzylic oxidation.

The lab-scale upflow anaerobic biofilm reactor was successfully operated for the treatment of synthetic wastewater with high nitrogen load by Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process. During the entire period of operation, the reactor temperature was kept at 35±1°C. The operational strategy consisted of both increasing the ammonium and nitrite concentrations from 60 to 700mgN/L and from 8...

Team AHUT China: Shining Sanctifier Water, the origin of life, is the necessary and elementary component of our daily life. Various kinds of means have been developed to dispose nitrite and ammonium which are the main contaminants of this type of effluent. One of them is anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (anammox) which can convert the fomite in the water into nitrogen. Our goal is to desig...