A time-to-digital converter, using a charge pump to translate time interval into charge and a SAR-ADC quantizing the charge, can achieve sub-picosecond resolution. To improve the linearity and area occupation, we propose a sampling method and a layout pattern for the capacitive DAC in the SAR-ADC. The prototype chip was fabricated in 65nm CMOS. The measured DNL and INL are -0.6/0.8 ps and -2.56...

New system for a wide-field CARS microscopy is demonstrated, including two schemes of non-phase-matching illumination. Several advantages including high Stokes pulse energy, pulse-to-pulse stability and inherent synchronization between pump and Stokes pulses were brought by use of methane-filled Raman converter. Spatial resolution of the system with axially symmetric illumination, 0.5 microm, w...

Prediction of future values of a shot noise process observed on a discrete lattice of points is considered. The shot magnitudes are assumed to be independent and identically distributed and arrive via a Poisson process; the eeect of each shot dissipates and/or accumulates according to a known shot function. Conditional mean and linear point predictors of future process values are developed. Dis...

Hormonal profiles of hens in curtain side-walled high-rise deep pit and flush-waste layer houses were initiated at placement of hens in cages in August and continued through a 50 weeks long laying trial. In mid-January, a cold weather-related incident caused the rupture of water lines and flooding of the manure pits in the deep pit layer house, allowing atmospheric ammonia to rise to a high of ...

Accurate amplitude and phase measurements of ultrashort optical waveforms are essential for their use in a wide range of scientific disciplines. Here we report the first demonstration of full-field optical reconstruction of ultrashort waveforms using a time-to-space converter, followed by a spatial recording of an interferogram. The algorithm-free technique is demonstrated by measuring ultrasho...

Ammonia (NH3) emission from animal feeding operations (AFOs) has caused concerns on public health and environmental degradation, such as ecosystem acidification, eutrophication, and formation of PM2.5 fine particles. Current ammonia emission measurement methodologies are accurate and reliable, but time consuming, expensive, and impractical for most facilities. In the present study, an alternati...

Stable air quality and the choice of bedding material are an important health issue both in horses and people working or visiting horse stables. Risks of impaired respiratory health are those that can especially be avoided by improving air quality in the stable. The choice of bedding material is particularly important in cold climate conditions; where horses are kept most of the day and year in...

Ammonia is recognised to be the most commonly used refrigerant in industrial systems however it is limited in some applications by its toxicity. R-32 has similar flammability characteristics and a similar pressure-temperature relationship, and through its use as a blend component it has become widely used and readily available. This paper compares and contrasts ammonia and R-32 with specific re...

Niobium oxide as the promoter was doped in the V/WTi catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO. The results showed that the addition of Nb2O5 could improve the SCR activity at low temperatures and the 6wt.% additive was an appropriate dosage. The enhanced reaction activity of adsorbed ammonia species and the improved dispersion of vanadium oxide might be the reasons for the ele...