When we say that an individual is homozygous for a gene, we mean that both copies of the gene are identical in sequence. If one were to obtain DNA sequences flanking such a gene, one might imagine that the homozygosity would continue for some distance in either direction. Theoretically, the lengths of segments of homozygosity will depend, in a complicated way, on the mutation rate, the effectiv...

We consider a particular model of genomic rearrangements that takes paralogous and orthol-ogous genes into account. Given a particular model of evolution and an optimization criterion, the problem is to recover an ancestor of a modern genome modeled as an ordered sequence of signed genes. One direct application is to infer gene orders at the ancestral nodes of a phylogenetic tree. Implicit in t...

The influenza A virus genome consists of eight segments of single-stranded RNA. These segments are replicated and transcribed by a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that is made up of the influenza virus proteins PB1, PB2, and PA. To copy the viral RNA (vRNA) genome segments and the cRNA segments, the replicative intermediate of viral replication, the RdRp must use two promoters and two...

UNLABELLED Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes bluetongue, a major hemorrhagic disease of ruminants. In order to investigate the molecular determinants of BTV virulence, we used a BTV8 strain minimally passaged in tissue culture (termed BTV8L in this study) and a derivative strain passaged extensively in tissue culture (BTV8H) in in vitro and in vivo studies. BTV8L was pathogenic in both IFNAR(-/-) m...

Double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) extracted from purified reoviruses of all three serotypes and from type 3 virus-infected cells was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was calculated that each RNA includes 10 segments: 3 large, 3 intermediate, and 4 small fragments corresponding to molecular weights of about 2.5, 1.4, and 0.8 x 10(6) daltons, respectively, or a total of 15 ...

The complete genome sequence of a reassortant field strain (IND2014/01) of Bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 16, isolated from sheep from southern India in 2014, was sequenced. The total genome size was 19,186 bp. Sequence comparisons of all genome segments, except segment 5 (Seg-5), showed that IND2014/01 belonged to the major eastern topotype of BTV.

Viruses classified in the order Mononegavirales have a single nonsegmented RNA molecule as the genome and employ similar strategies for genome replication and gene expression. Infectious particles of Measles virus (MeV), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae in the order Mononegavirales, with two or three RNA genome segments (2 seg- or 3 seg-MeV) were generated using a highly efficient reverse...

The genome of influenza virus consists of eight segments of single-stranded RNA, each of which encodes a different polypeptide. In addition to the eight recognized gene products, the virus specifies a distinct smaller nonstructural polypeptide (NS2), which is translated from a separate species of virus-specific mRNA. The location on the virus genome of the gene encoding this polypeptide was inv...

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an H1N1 avian influenza virus (AIV), which was isolated from the feces of migratory birds in the Republic of Korea during the winters of 2014 and 2015. Full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all genome segments belonged to the Eurasian lineage.

ABSTRACT Blade failure is a common problem of a steam turbine and it’s failure in-service results in safety risks, repair cost and non operational revenue losses. Thus, the reliability of these blades is very important for the successful operation of a steam turbine. Dynamic analysis of a steam turbine blade in computational environment is carried out in the present work. In order to gain physi...