thus humans are constantly exposed to this element. Little has been known about it’s metabolism and toxicity until the mid twentieth century. Aluminum is present in all tissues and organs in the body and when there is excessive accumulation multiple organ systems are effected by this metal (1). The important diseases induced by aluminum toxicity include dementia, anemia, myopathy, bone and join...

Most age-associated neurodegenerative diseases involve the aggregation of specific proteins within the nervous system. In Alzheimer disease, the insidious pathogenic process begins many years before the symptoms emerge, and the lesions that characterize the disease—senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles—ramify systematically through the brain. We review evidence that the -amyloid and tau pr...

The importance in studying mitochondrial genome evolution came from the discovery of a large number of human diseases that are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., Parkinson and Alzheimer). Many of these diseases are a result of a mutation in one of the mitochondrial genes or a defective mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance, mostly caused by genetic defects in proteins involved in mtDNA ...

With increasing life expectancy there is also a concomitant increase in the prevalence of agerelated disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and various cancers. Here we report findings suggesting that there is an inverse relationship between development of dementia of the Alzheimer type and a history of cancer. The inverse relationship...

alzheimer's disease (ad) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that accounts for 60 to 80 percent of all dementia cases. the exact cause of alzheimer`s disease is still unknown, but recent studies suggest neuro-inflammation as an important part of the pathogenesis of the disease. this brings in mind using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaid) as treatment or prevention of the dise...

neuro-inflammation is a growing concern that is the result of nervous tissue inflammation. some common causes that induce this problem are toxic metabolites, aging, autoimmunity, air pollution, et cetera. glial cells and a group of proteins which are called cytokines are associated in neuro-inflammation. some nervous diseases such as: parkinson's disease, alzheimer's disease and multi...

The anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered the keystone of periodontitis diseases, a set inflammatory conditions that affects tissues surrounding teeth. In recent years, major virulence factors exploited by P. have been identified and characterized, including cocktail toxins, mainly proteases called gingipains, which promote gingival tissue invasion. These effe...

Sleep disorders are important manifestations of neurodegenerativediseases and sometimes are clinically evident well before the onset of other neurological manifestations. This review addresses theneuroanatomical basis and the mechanisms of sleep regulation in humans in relation to the neuropathology of entities associated with sleep disturbances in selected diseases, including Alzheimer disease...

Foreign body aspiration in adults usually occurs in the elderly or in patients with underlying neurological impairment, excessive alcohol consumption, psychiatric diseases, Alzheimer disease, or head trauma.1 Foreign body aspiration in young adults without these risk factors is rare, and persistence of a foreign body for an 8-year period is even rarer. We report a case of foreign body aspiratio...

2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG) is active component of the Chinese medicinal plant Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (THSG). Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that THSG exhibits numerous biological functions in treating atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, vascular and cardiac remodeling, vascular fibrosis, cardiac-cerebral ischemia, learning and memory disorders, neuroi...