In this paper two criteria for evaluation of power balance control performance in control areas of the UCTE interconnection are proposed: the mean value of Area Control Error (ACE) and the standard deviation of ACE. A methodology for assigning fair values of the two criteria to individual control areas is presented. This methodology ensures that the UCTE grid is operated in a safe manner and no...

People are optimistic about problem solving. This paper identifies hallmarks of optimistic human problem solving and how people control for the errors it often engenders. It describes an architecture that permits a controlled version of optimistic problem solving and recounts experiments with it in three very different domains. Results indicate that, controlled for error, optimistic problem sol...

We wanted to determine which alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes mediate phenylephrine (PE) contraction of dog mesenteric artery in vitro. We studied antagonisms in response to prazosin, 2-(2, 6-dimethoxyphenoxyethyl)-aminomethyl-1,4-benzodioxane, 5-methylurapidil, N-[2-(2-cyclopropyl methoxy phenoxy)ethyl]5-chloro-alpha,alpha-dimethyl-1H-indole-3-ethanamine HCl (RS 17053), 8-3-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-p...

Goeree & Holt (2001) observe that, for some parameter values, Nash equilibrium provides good predictions for actual behaviour in experiments. For other payoff parameters, however, actual behaviour deviates consistently from that predicted by Nash equilibria. They attribute the robust deviations from Nash equilibrium to actual players' considering not only marginal gains and losses but also tota...

We consider a finite-state Markov decision problem and establish the convergence of a special case of optimistic policy iteration that involves Monte Carlo estimation of Q-values, in conjunction with greedy policy selection. We provide convergence results for a number of algorithmic variations, including one that involves temporal difference learning (bootstrapping) instead of Monte Carlo estim...

Social scientists have drawn attention to the role of hype and optimistic visions of the future in providing momentum to biomedical innovation projects by encouraging innovation alliances. In this article, we show how less optimistic, uncertain, and modest visions of the future can also provide innovation projects with momentum. Scholars have highlighted the need for clinicians to carefully man...

We discuss the relative merits of optimistic and randomized approaches to exploration in reinforcement learning. Optimistic approaches presented in the literature apply an optimistic boost to the value estimate at each state-action pair and select actions that are greedy with respect to the resulting optimistic value function. Randomized approaches sample from among statistically plausible valu...

Due to its potential for a high degree of parallelism, optimistic concurrency control is expected to perform better than two-phase locking when integrated with priority-driven CPU scheduling in real-time database systems. In this paper, we examine the overall effects and the impact of the overheads involved in implementing real-time optimistic concurrency control. Using a locking mechanism to e...