the present study aimed to investigate representation of discourse markers and metadiscourse markers in conversations and readings of general elt coursebook series used in the language centers of iran. to this aim, four elt coursebooks popularly taught in language centers of this country were analyzed based on fung and carter’s (2007) framework regarding discourse markers and hyland’s (2005) fr...

the concepts of similarity and dissimilarity have been the interest of many researchers. basically, in the studies the similarity between two objects or phenomena, has been discussed. in this thesis, we consider the case when the resemblance or similarity among three objects or phenomena of a set, 3-similarity in our terminology, is desired. later we will extend our definitions and propos...

based on the latest records of typhlops vermicularis merrem, 1820 from iran, this species is distributed in the northern and southern regions of the country. in this study, new records of typhlops vermicularis are presented and it is shown that distribution range of this species is extended towards the eastern and western iran, and according to the new distribution map, it can be assumed that t...

the purpose of this study is identifying effective factors which make customers shop online in iran and investigating the importance of discovered factors in online customers’ decision. in the identifying phase, to discover the factors affecting online shopping behavior of customers in iran, the derived reference model summarizing antecedents of online shopping proposed by change et al. was us...

    Self-employment is one of the best options to prepare higher education system learners for employment in the labor market and resolving the unemployment problem but there are barriers against it. The purpose of this study is to assess the self-employment barriers from the perspective of graduate students of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Razi University i...

Today, companies in the challenging conditions will be successful while acquiring sufficient knowledge and recognition regarding environmental challenges create progress and improvement in their performance. In this regard, the present study has investigated the effect of structure on organizational performance taking into account the intermediary role of competitive-compositional strategies an...

the present dissertation aims to investigate four-word lexical bundles in applied linguistics research articles by iranian and internationally-published writers. the aims of this study are two-fold: first of all, attempts have been made to create a comprehensive list of the most commonly used four-word lexical bundles categorized by their type and token frequency, their structural characteristi...

Introduction: Expert employees’ turnover such as experienced nurses in hospitals is a problem that disrupts the growth of hospitals and is a serious problem for managers seeking to hire, maintain and utilize human capital. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of transformational leadership style on turnover intention, with emphasis on the mediating role of job engagement,...