1 Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA 2 Molina Center on Energy and Environment, La Jolla, CA, USA 3 Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA 4 Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA 5 Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, W...

The relationship between calcium (Ca) uptake and growth of chrysanthemum, cv. Shuhounochikara, grown hydroponically for the cut flower market was investigated. 1. In experiment 1, plants grown with 20, 40 and 80 ppm Ca, grew vegetatively at a similar rate for 22 days, but their Ca uptake increased proportionately to the Ca concentration in the culture solution. 2. In experiment 2, which began o...

Relative and absolute elevations of the Sierra Nevada and adjacent Basin and Range province, timing of their differentiation, and location, amount, and timing of strike-slip movement between them are controversial. The provincial boundary near Reno developed in two stages. (1) At ca. 12 Ma, the $700 km2 Verdi-Boca sedimentary basin formed across what was to become the boundary, probably as a re...

Molecular oxygen (O(2)) began to accumulate in the atmosphere and surface ocean ca. 2,400 million years ago (Ma), but the persistent oxygenation of water masses throughout the oceans developed much later, perhaps beginning as recently as 580-550 Ma. For much of the intervening interval, moderately oxic surface waters lay above an oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) that tended toward euxinia (anoxic and ...

3 Ninning Liu, Gheorghe Chistol, Yuanbo Cui, Carlos Bustamante 4 Jason L. Choy Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics 5 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 6 94720 7 Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 8 California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences 9 Department of Chemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, ...

T cell activation following antigen binding to the T cell receptor (TCR) involves the mobilization of intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ ) to activate the key transcription factors NFAT and NF-κB. The mechanism of NFAT activation by Ca 2+ has been determined; however, the role of Ca 2+ in controlling NF-κB signaling is poorly understood and the source of Ca 2+ required for NF-κB activation is unknown...

George Q. Daley,1,2,* M. William Lensch,1,2 Rudolf Jaenisch,3 Alex Meissner,2,4 Kathrin Plath,5 and Shinya Yamanaka6,7 1Children’s Hospital Boston, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA 2Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 42 Church Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 3Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department o...

Abstract Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry has been applied to fossil mollusk shells from Tibet reconstruct the paleoclimate and paleoelevation of region. However, inferred climatic conditions this proxy are inconsistent with paleontological evidence. Here, we report new data both modern (5–4 Ma) freshwater results X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau. Although all ana...

BACKGROUND Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) and its analogs are potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and display strong inhibitory activity on both solid tumor and tumor cell growth. Since natural CA-4 is difficult to synthesize and also isomerizes to an inactive form quite readily, a recently reported new 3,4-diarylfuran-2-one-based series of CA-4 analogs was investigated, in the hope of bypas...

The distribution of gallium(b) and indium (b) between hydrochloric or sulphuric acid solution with sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid(CA-100) in kerosene has been investigated under various conditions. CA-100 is a new organocarboxylic extractant, which has been shown to be efficient for gallium(b) and indium(b) where...