Transpiration (E) is regulated over short time periods by stomatal conductance (Gs) and over multi-year periods by treeand stand-structural factors such as leaf area, height and density, with upper limits ultimately set by climate. We tested the hypothesis that tree structure, stand structure and Gs together regulate E per ground area (Eg) within climatic limits using three sites located across...

We develop a model to study the thermal expansion of surfaces, wherein phonon frequencies are obtained from ab initio total energy calculations. Anharmonic effects are treated exactly in the direction normal to the surface, and within a quasiharmonic approximation in the plane of the surface. We apply this model to the Ag(111) and Al(111) surfaces, and find that our calculations reproduce the e...

The elastic properties of as-deposited high-purity micron-thick polycrystalline Al and Ag films were measured with the double paddle resonator technique down to 6 mK, and important differences from previous measurements were found. The lowest internal frictions Q−1 observed were 3 10−5 in Al and 4 10−5 in Ag, indicating that these films can contribute substantially to the damping of mechanical ...

The tensile creep of Al-5Cu-0.8Mg-0.15Zr-0.2Sc(-0.5Ag) was tested at 150–250 °C and 125–350 MPa, the effect Ag on high-temperature Al-Cu-Mg alloys discussed. After addition Ag, performances alloy were significantly improved 150 °C/300 MPa 200 °C/(150 175 MPa). Then, constitutive relational models during built, activation energy calculated to be 136.65 104.06 KJ/mol. Based thermal deformation me...