Using a very large number of predominantly Chinese nonsmoking females aged 30–79 years, SMITH et al. [1] studied the relationship between airflow obstruction, household air pollution, household income, educational level and prior tuberculosis. They defined airflow obstruction as a ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) of <0.7 or <5th percentile, and grad...

Many aircraft accidents each year are caused by encounters with unseen airflow hazards near the ground such as vortices, downdrafts, wind shear, microbursts, or other turbulence. While such hazards frequently pose problems to fixed-wing airplanes, they are especially dangerous to helicopters, which often have to operate in confined spaces and under operationally stressful conditions. We are dev...

Konferenzraum gezeigt. Summary This work lays the foundations for improved thermal comfort in climate-controlled rooms. A methodology is developed which makes it possible to estimate the airflow process in real-time. Based on mathematical modeling, the air temperature and velocity are calculated by virtual sensors at deliberate positions in the room. Therefore, a computationally efficient, data...

Effective clearance of inhaled particles requires mucus production and continuous mucus transport from the lower airways to the oropharynx. Mucus production takes place mainly in the peripheral airways. Mucus transport is achieved by the action of the ciliated cells that cover the inner surface of the airways (mucociliary transport) and by expiratory airflow. The capacity for mucociliary transp...

The lungs of birds have long been known to move air in only one direction during both inspiration and expiration through most of the tubular gas-exchanging bronchi (parabronchi). Recently a similar pattern of airflow has been observed in American alligators, a sister taxon to birds. The pattern of flow appears to be due to the arrangement of the primary and secondary bronchi, which, via their b...

Airway wall thickness and emphysema contribute to airflow limitation. We examined their association with lung function decline and development of airflow limitation in 2021 male smokers with and without airflow limitation. Airway wall thickness and emphysema were quantified on chest computed tomography and expressed as the square root of wall area of a 10-mm lumen perimeter (Pi10) and the 15th ...

Laryngeal aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of African American voice production were examined from vowel samples produced by ten adult female and ten adult male speakers. The data were compared with that for a control group consisting of ten adult female and ten adult male White speakers, matched for age, height, and weight. All measures were analyzed using Cspeech 4.0. Aerodynamic meas...

Barometric pressure changes affect air density, leading to change in the mass of the gas in the gob. When the barometric pressure decreases, the volume of gas in the gob expands, while the volume of gas contracts when the barometric pressure increases, causing the gob to breathe out and in. Although the concept of gob “breathing” is simple, its effect on spontaneous heating of coal in the gob a...

We examined the effect of salbutamol on dry airflow-induced bronchoconstriction (AIB) and acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction (Ach-IB) in the canine lung periphery using a wedged bronchoscope technique. Collateral system resistance (Rcs) and airway wall temperature (Taw) were monitored in a peripheral lung segment before, during and after airflow challenge. Rcs before and after aerosolize...