The genetic modification of crop plants from the methodology involved in their production through to the current debate on their use in agriculture are reviewed. Techniques for plant transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and particle bombardment, and for the selection of transgenic plants using marker genes are described. The benefits of currently available genetically modified (GM) crops...

An increase in global population, coupled with intensive development of industry and agriculture, has resulted in the generation and accumulation of large amounts of waste around the world. The spread of pathogenic microorganisms, endotoxins, odours and dust particles in the air is an inevitable consequence of waste production and waste management. Thus, the risk of infections associated with w...

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health challenge worldwide, with agricultural use of antimicrobials being one major contributor to the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Globally, most antimicrobials are used in industrial food animal production, a major context for microbiomes encountering low-doses or subtherapeutic-levels of antimicrobial agents from ...

Approximately 350 million tons of manure is produced annually by agriculture in the U.S. Manure disposal at large concentrated animal feeding operations presents a challenge. Anaerobic digestion of livestock manure to reduce odor and produce biogas for energy generation is a profitable waste management option on farms, but out of reach of most farmers because of high capital costs. For operatio...

Water requirement to meet agriculture, domestic, industrial and other demands indicate the need for regeneration of waste water. Industrial waste water is being used in dry areas. Waste water of pulp and paper industry (brown with unpleasant smell) is usually alkaline in nature, has high suspended solids, total solids, COD, BOD and toxic odorous substances. It was observed in the study areas th...

The problems arising from the limited availability of natural resources and impact certain anthropogenic activities on environment must be addressed as soon possible. To meet this challenge, it is necessary, among other things, to reconsider redesign agricultural systems find more sustainable environmentally friendly solutions, paying specific attention waste agriculture. Indeed, transition a c...

This contribution deals with the waste from the processes in which raw hide is transformed into leather, as well as with the waste generated during further leather processing and the final waste of leather industry, the worn-out shoes. All this waste, if deposited in the open-air dumps, represents a potential threat to human health, because it contains trivalent chromium (Cr III), which can oxi...

Every year, the size of human population grows; with it, need for agricultural products increases. This leads to an increment in volume waste, including hard-to-degrade keratin-rich ones, such as feathers. Currently, most agro-industrial complex protein by-products are utilized by incineration, landfilling, and chemical hydrolysis. Such methods do not meet modern trends development a sustainabl...