the aim of this paper is to investigate the role of producer cooperatives (pcs) on rural development in fars, khorasan, semnan, golestan and hamadan provinces of iran in 2007. more specifically, this paper focuses on the economic aspects and social changes occurred in rural area concerning the cooperatives development. in order to measure quantitatively the effectiveness of economic and social ...

This article considers some of the effects of health sector reform on human resources for health (HRH) in developing countries and countries in transition by examining the effect of fiscal reform and the introduction of decentralisation and market mechanisms to the health sector.Fiscal reform results in pressure to measure the staff outputs of the health sector. Financial decentralisation often...

In the mind of the general public, the rural sector is equal to agriculture and for a great majority of policymakers, rural development continues to mean agricultural development. Not surprisingly, it is a sector traditionally covered at the governmental level by the ministries of agriculture, and at the international development level by agencies with an agricultural development mandate such a...

considering the importance of the impact of subsidy reform on the agricultural sector, the study aimed at understanding consequences of changes in the rates of production subsidy using general equilibrium model based on input-output table in the year 2001.the study conducted based on three scenarios containing step, down and finally removed rates of production subsidy. the effects on production...

Despite the recovery in the world economy in 2003 and 2004, unemployment remained high in many industrial countries. Even in those countries which reported a strong recovery, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, employment levels recovered only moderately, leading many observers to wonder about a “jobless recovery”. Although employment growth typically lags behind in each cyclical ...

1. The public sector dominates Lesotho‘s agricultural sector. The public sector provides strategic direction for agriculture; chooses appropriate technologies; provides almost all of the capital used in the sector and assumes most of the risk associated with sector performance. The public sector treats farming per se as one among many ―Marginal Livelihood Strategies‖ available to poor farmers r...

One of the present phenomena that virtually explain weaknesses in financial systems of different countries is financial repression. Financial repression encompasses the different interferences of governments in financial markets through determining the ceiling interest on bank deposits, high rates of legal reserves, and the government’s interference in distribution of bank credits,which prevent...

This paper documents long-term trends in the sectoral composition of employment and output in the Japanese economy over the last four decades. The share of the manufacturing sector in total employment has declined steadily while the share of service sector employment has trended upward. In real terms, however, the share of the manufacturing sector in the total output has remained stable over th...

Using dynamic panel models with data for 62 developing countries, this paper examines whether growth in agriculture elicits growth in manufacturing. For identification, I use population-weighted, average temperature as an instrument for growth in agriculture. I identify large short-run effects: An increase in growth in agriculture by one percentage point is estimated to raise contemporaneous gr...