Abstract This article critically examines the proposed waiver of intellectual property (IP) rights for COVID-19 vaccines under World Trade Organization Agreement's Trade-Related Aspects Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which was initiated in October 2020 when pandemic raged and were unavailable. However, landscape has now changed may no longer be necessary. The Outcome Document, introduced...

The World Trade Organisation (WTO) which became operational on 1 January 1995 is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO provides the legal framework for world trade, and it has been given extensive regulatory and supervisory powers. Whereas the GATT was solely concerned with trade liberalization based on tariff concessions, the WTO’s approach embraces discus...

public order, as a principle in the framework of national laws, is a tool for protecting private and public interests in a society. observance of the norms and public order in any jurisdiction is important as far as the the influence of this chariness on contracts in the field of private international laws is undeniable. with the formation of new rights such as intellectual property rights in t...

The protection of trademarks is necessitated to safeguard the interests businesspersons and consumers thereby contributing country’s overall economic growth development. This, in turn, calls for a strong system capable adjusting itself with dynamic all stakeholders. Ethiopia has adopted relatively comprehensive trademark legislations 2006. country also negotiating accession World Trade Organiza...

India’s patent reforms represent a shift in India’s policy from one of enormous opposition to revising patent laws according to the WTO, to one of compliance with many aspects of TRIPs (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement. Industry and civil society had a strong interest in blocking reforms on IPRs (Intellectual Property Rights), and initially played an important role in preve...

The impact of patent protection on biomedical innovation has been a controversial issue. Although a “medical anti-commons” has been predicted due to a proliferation of patents on upstream technologies, evidence to test these concerns is only now emerging. However, most industrial surveys that shed light on this issue are mainly from developed countries, making it very difficult to predict the i...

As agri-food markets become increasingly specialized, governments are provoked to provide these products legal support protect their supply and trade sources. After several treaties, the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement was signed in 1995 as broadest ever reached. The agreement allowed Geographical Indication (GI) be targeted. GIs Mercosur European Union v...

December 31, 1999, in addition to being the last day of the 20 century, was the deadline for all but the least-developed countries to comply with the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requirements of the WTO for extending and harmonizing Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Many countries have complied in full while others are in process in some regards, but virtually...