Introduction: Citizenship rights refers to a set of rules governing society in relation politics, institutions, governments, and civil society. The main purpose this study is investigate the factors affecting awareness citizenship using meta-analysis. Method: mechanism conducting research meta-analysis-quantitative. method integrate, systematically review standardize studies conducted specific ...

Individual variability in xenobiotic metabolism has been associated with susceptibility to developing complex diseases. Genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism have been evaluated in association studies; the difficulty of obtaining accurate gene frequencies in mixed populations makes interpretation of the results difficult. We sought to estimate population parameters for the cytochrome P450 and...

INTRODUCTION The risk that patients with Behçet's disease will develop thrombotic complications has been previously described. Although it is distributed worldwide, Behçet's disease is rare in the Americas and Europe. Even though the pathogenic mechanisms of vascular complications of Budd-Chiari syndrome in patients with Behçet's disease are unknown, severe vascular complications of Budd-Chiari...

Prevalence of malaria-related anemia in disease-endemic regions of the American continents has been poorly studied. We describe the relationships between hemoglobin level and race, Plasmodium species, and days of illness in 150 Colombian patients with uncomplicated malaria diagnosed by thick blood smear. Hemoglobin was measured at admission and a standardized questionnaire was used to determine...

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hemoglobin disorder that occurs more commonly among Afro-descendants. The authors report the case of a 28-year-old Afro-descendent male patient with the diagnosis of homozygotic sickle cell disease (SCD) referred for evaluation of mandibular lesions. The patient's main complaints included pain and bilateral teeth mobility. An intraoral examination revealed gingiva ...

AIM To report the presence of Behçet's disease with ocular involvement in patients of west African or Afro-Caribbean origin. METHODS Case series of eight patients reporting to a tertiary uveitis service. RESULTS Eight patients with typical features of the disease are presented. Six of the eight patients were tested and found to be HLA-B51 negative. CONCLUSION Behçet's disease has only bee...

BACKGROUND Afro-Caribbean immigrants are reported to have a high rate of schizophrenia compared with other population groups. METHOD In a prospective first contact study of schizophrenia in Jamaica in 1992, 335 patients were examined using the Present State Examination. RESULTS 285 patients were evaluated as having a PSE 'restrictive' S+ diagnosis of schizophrenia, and 32 as having a 'broad...

"This article examines the 1980 earnings and earnings attainment process of Afro-Caribbean immigrants [to the United States] relative to Afro-Americans, native-born whites and foreign-born whites. Controlling for gender, the comparisons consider Caribbean Islanders as a whole and disaggregated by nation of origin. The results indicate that, in 1980 at least, fact did not justify the opinion th...