Since about 30 % of the land surface are covered with arid and desert conditions of soil, bright grounds and their aerosol emissions are of essential importance for the investigation of general aerosol impact in climate. Therefore retrievals of aerosol properties from spaceborne platforms need to include retrieval approaches, working over this conditions. An approach to retrieve aerosol propert...

Introduction Basic Concepts of Aerosol Therapy Inertial Impaction Gravitational Sedimentation Diffusion The Nebulizer The Metered Dose Inhaler Differences during Mechanical Ventilation The Ventilator-Patient Interface Breath Configurations The Airway The Environment The Assessment Evaluation of Lower Respiratory Tract Aerosol Delivery with Bench Models of Mechanical Ventilation Aerosol-Generati...

In the introduction to the Technical Note, ‘‘Instantaneous secondary organic aerosol yields and their comparison with overall aerosol yields for aromatic and biogenic hydrocarbons’’, Jiang (2003) states that ‘‘[t]o model the formation of secondary organic aerosol, SOA, a concept called aerosol yield (or SOA yield), loosely defined as the SOA mass formed per unit mass of reactive organic gas (RO...

This paper presents a mechanistic, fully dynamic, internally mixed, sectional aerosol module, the UCD Aerosol Module, which evolves from the Aerosol Inorganic Model (AIM). The UCD Aerosol Module employs three gas-to-particle mass transport schemes, replacement, coupled and uncoupled, and simplified aerosol thermodynamics to predict gas–particle partitioning, aerosol phase state and water conten...

An aerosol generation, calibration, and research facility has been developed with the major purpose of evaluating aerosol instrumentation, including quality assurance testing, intercomparison, performance evaluation, and calibration of aerosol sizing, bulk, and speciated mass-measuring instruments. The aerosol facility also provides excellent opportunities for basic aerosol research. Polydisper...

Aerosol radiative forcing is a critical, though variable and uncertain component of the global climate. Yet climate models rely on sparse information of the aerosol optical properties. In situ measurements, though important in many respects, seldom provide measurements of the undisturbed aerosol in the entire atmospheric column. Here we use 8 years of worldwide distributed data from the AERONET...

In a series of simulations with the global ECHAM5-HAM aerosol-climate model, the response to changes in anthropogenic emissions is analyzed. Traditionally, additivity is assumed in the assessment of the aerosol climate impact, as the underlying bulk aerosol models are largely constrained to linearity. The microphysical aerosol module HAM establishes degrees of freedom for nonlinear responses of...

A sectional aerosol model (CARMA) has been developed and coupled with the Community Earth System Model (CESM1). Aerosol microphysics, radiative properties, and interactions with clouds are simulated in the size-resolving model. The model described here uses 20 particle size bins for each aerosol component including freshly nucleated sulfate particles, as well as mixed particles containing sulfa...

In order to utilize satellite-based aerosol measurements for the determination of air quality, the relationship between aerosol optical properties (wavelength-dependent, column-integrated extinction measured by satellites) and mass measurements of aerosol loading (PM2.5 used for air quality monitoring) must be understood. This connection varies with many factors including those specific to the ...

This document describes the algorithms for simultaneous remote sensing of aerosol from EOS-MODIS over land and ocean. The algorithm will be used to monitor the aerosol optical thickness (proportional to the aerosol total loading) and size distribution (integrated on the vertical column) of the ambient (undisturbed) aerosol, over most of the globe (oceans and the moist parts of the continents) o...