Introduction: The study of the cause of death during the last few decades has shown that death due to infectious diseases has been declining and has been rising due to noninvasive diseases, especially cancers and accidents. Cancer is considered as one of the fatal diseases, and every year, more than 10.9 million people worldwide are diagnosed with the disease. Mater...

Introduction: Consumption of morphine, during pregnancy, in addition to inducing defects in the mother’s nervous system function, caused defects or delays in the formation and evolution of embryonic visual system. In the present study, changes in lens development were assessed in embryos exposed to morphine in utero. Methods: Female Wistar rats (250-300 g) were mated with male rats and pregnanc...

Background: It has been estimated that 67 million people worldwide are affected with a primary glaucoma and that one-third have primary angle closure glaucoma. We aimed to determine the biometric differences between the eyes of patients with acute attack of primary angle closure and their non-involved fellow eyes. Methods: Twenty eight patients with acute attack of primary angle closure were re...

Since the present author first became involved in computational fluid dynamics, around 1970, the landscape has changed dramatically. At that time, panel methods had just come into use, and the world’s fastest super computer, the Control data 6600, had only 131000 words of memory (about 1 megabyte). Prior to the break-through of Murman and Cole [1970], no viable algorithms for computing transoni...

introduction: in cases of poor satisfaction with aphakic glasses and intolerant or reluctant to use contact lenses, secondary intraocular lens (iol) implantation provide an alternative aphakic vision correction. this study aimed to evaluate surgical problems.  intraoperative and postoperative complications and visual acuity outcomes of secondary anterior and posterior chamber intraocular lens i...

A new optimization approach for robust design, design for multi-objective six sigma (DFMOSS) has been developed and applied to robust aerodynamic airfoil design for Mars exploratory airplane. The present robust aerodynamic airfoil design optimization using DFMOSS successfully showed the trade-off information between maximization and robustness improvement in aerodynamic performance by a single ...

Because detailed aerodynamic shape optimizations still suffer from high computational costs, efficient optimization strategies are required. Regarding the deterministic optimization methods, the adjoint approach is seen as a promising alternative to the classical finite difference approach [1, 2]. With the adjoint approach the sensitivities needed for the aerodynamic shape optimization can be e...

With the improving capabilities of Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) on predicting aerodynamic performance, these tools are now being increasingly used for aerodynamic design optimization in the aerospace industry. In this paper, an automated optimization framework is presented to address inviscid aerodynamic design problems. Key aspects of this framework include the use of the continuous adj...

Background: Alopecia areata is a patchy hair loss that may occur in any hair bearing area on the body. There are many reports of ocular abnormalities such as lens and retinal changes in alopecia areata. Objective: To evaluate ocular alterations in alopecia areata with regard to the lens and retina. Patients & Methods: Seventy three patients with alopecia areata including 34 males and 39 f...

Air speed, angle of sideslip and angle of attack are fundamental aerodynamic parameters for controlling most aircraft. For small aircraft for which conventional detecting devices are too bulky and heavy to be utilized, a novel and practical methodology by which the aerodynamic parameters are inferred using a micro hot-film flow sensor array mounted on the surface of the wing is proposed. A back...