A nanohybrid was prepared with an inorganic clay material, montmorillonite (MMT), for taste masking of sildenafil (SDN). To further improve the taste-masking efficiency and enhance the drug-release rate, we coated the nanohybrid of SDN-MMT with a basic polymer, polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate (AEA). Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared experiments showed that SDN was succ...

Long-term changes in synaptic efficacy produced by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of glutamatergic afferents to the rat dorsolateral striatum exhibit heterogeneity during early stages of postnatal development. Whereas HFS most often induces striatal long-term potentiation (LTP) in rats postnatal day 12 (P12)-P14, the same stimulation tends to induce long-term depression (LTD) at ages P16-P34....

Marijuana is used by humans for its psychoactive and medicinal effects. The active constituents of marijuana, the cannabinoids, exert effects via a G protein-coupled receptor, CB1. Two arachidonic acid analogs, N-arachidonylethanolamine and 2-arachidonylglycerol are hypothesized to function as endogenous ligands of the CB1 receptor. The cannabinoids exert significant vascular effects in humans ...

Abstract Biological mechanisms associated with response to trauma may impact risk for depression. One such mechanism is endocannabinoid signaling (eCB), a neuromodulatory system comprised of the CB1 subtype cannabinoid receptors (CB1R), encoded by CNR1 gene, and two primary endogenous ligands: 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) N-arachidonylethanolamine (AEA), hydrolyzed monoacylglycerol lipase (gen...

Introduction: The therapeutic potential of anandamide (AEA) for the neurological disorders may be negatively affected by its short half-life or poor solubility. The superior properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for controlled drug delivery, prompted us to design AEA-CNTs complex and assess its effect in in vitro model of ischemic stroke. Methods: In this experimental study, a multi-walled CNTs...

1. (-)-Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotropic component of Cannabis with possible therapeutic use as an anti-inflammatory drug. Little is known on the possible molecular targets of this compound. We investigated whether CBD and some of its derivatives interact with vanilloid receptor type 1 (VR1), the receptor for capsaicin, or with proteins that inactivate the endogenous cannabinoid, anandami...

The endocannabinoid system serves many physiological roles, including in the regulation of energy balance, food reward, and voluntary locomotion. Signaling at the cannabinoid type 1 receptor has been specifically implicated in motivation for rodent voluntary exercise on wheels. We studied four replicate lines of high runner (HR) mice that have been selectively bred for 81 generations based on a...

The Journal of Economic Literature codes classification system (JEL) published by the American Association (AEA) is de facto standard for research literature in economics. JEL used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers EconLit, a database maintained AEA. Over time, it has evolved extended with over 850 subclasses. This paper reviews history development sys...

Spasticity is a complicating sign in multiple sclerosis that also develops in a model of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (CREAE) in mice. In areas associated with nerve damage, increased levels of the endocannabinoids, anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), and of the AEA congener, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), were detected her...