the purpose of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of raising iranian learners’ pragmatic awareness of intercultural rhetoric in enhancing their l2 writing ability, as well as their written complexity and accuracy. to this end, two 25-member groups of efl learners who were taking basic writing course at islamic azad university, roudehen branch, were selected based on their perfor...

1. introduction for many students reading is the most important of the four skills in a foreign language. if we consider the study of english as a second or foreign language around the world and the situation in which most english learners find themselves, we recognize that reading is one of the main reasons why students learn the language (richards & renandya, 2002).researchers believe that th...

the applicability of second language instruction to various situations including academic settings provides great opportunities for students and researchers to access fresh sources of knowledge. this is extended to the majority of iranian students receiving courses such as english for specific purposes (esp) and english for academic purposes (eap) who may not find instruction compatible with th...

Strategies-based instruction (SBI), as a learner-centered and participatory approach, allows learners to be the center of attention and explicitly taught how, when, and why strategies can be used. The study reported here has investigated the effect of strategic reading instruction on enhancing reading comprehension and emotionalsocial abilities of a cohort of undergraduates at a college located...

Low levels of academic engagement may impede students' acquisition of skills. Intervening on student behavior using group contingencies may be a feasible way to increase academic engagement during group instruction. The current study examined the effect of a randomized dependent group contingency on levels of academic engagement for second-grade participants receiving small-group reading and wr...