background: in addition to macrovascular and along with other microvascular complications, diabetic patients suffer from some common musculoskeletal complications. the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of five musculoskeletal disorders of upper extremity including shoulder capsulitis (sc), limited joint mobility (ljm), dupuytren’s contracture (dc), carpal tunnel syndrome (cts), and...

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) provides a way for persons with limited or no verbal speech to communicate. Augmentative systems provide a means to enhance speech; alternative systems provide a substitution for speech (Quill, 2000). AAC includes unaided systems, such as manual signs and gestures; aided voice output systems; and aided nonvoice output systems, such as symbols and...

The reaction between reducing sugars and protein free amines, known as the Maillar reaction results in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGE modification changes the structure of proteins to amyloid cross-beta structure. These protein structures can activate receptors known as RAGE on glial cells (microglia and astrocytes), and induce the expression of inducible nitric oxi...

background and objective: ischemic heart disease (ihd) following atherosclerosis is the most common cause of cardiac deaths world wide. we aimed to investigate the pathologic features of atherosclerosis in non cardiac death cases to have an estimate of atherosclerosis prevalence in mashad (north east of iran). patients and methods : this descriptive (cross sectional) study was done, during octo...

statement of problem: treatment of gingival recession defect and covering denuded root surfaces is one of the goals in periodontal therapy and several surgical techniques have been suggested in this field.purpose: the aim of this study was to perform a comparison on coronaliy repositioned flap procedure with and without the use of ethylenediaminoteraacetic acid (edta. 24%, ph=7) in the treatmen...