ion, one consequence is that it becomes more difficult to elucidate what each of the model parameters relates to, in terms of specific biological, or environmental factors. At this level of simplification, the model parameters reflect largely a blend of influences from both. For instance, the growth (a) of a given cognitive process may likely be influenced by both biological and environmental f...

In this chapter, we consider the origin of uneven cognitive profiles in individuals with developmental disorders, including accounts from cognitive, brain, and genetic levels of description. We begin by introducing the main types of developmental disorder. We then discuss what is meant by the idea of modularity and the key issues surrounding it, outlining how modularity has been applied to expl...

This review of developmental disorders of vision focuses on only a few of the many disorders that disrupt visual development. Given the enormity of the human visual system in the primate brain and complexity of visual development, however, there are likely hundreds or thousands of types of disorders affecting high-level vision. The rapid progress seen in developmental dyslexia and WMS demonstra...

been a commitment to the notion that the subtypes or dimensions of developmental speech sound disorders are organized on the basis of their etiology, and that the surface features of these disorders will reflect this multiple causal organization. Certain key points of this perspective are particularly prominent. First, etiology is key to the study of developmental communication disorders. This ...

The sibling relationship constitutes the longest lasting family tie, beginning with the birth of the younger sibling and ending with the death of one member of the sibling pair. Siblings share a common family heritage, both genetically and experientially, and perhaps for this reason, the sibling relationship is normatively characterized as egalitarian, reciprocal, and mutual. How is the sibling...

The current research aimed at examining the executive function (EF) of young adults with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in comparison to young adults without DCD. The study used a randomized cohort (N=429) of young adults with DCD (n=135), borderline DCD (n=149) and control (n=145), from a previous study. This initial cohort was asked to participate in the current study three to four...

Joint attention (JA) initiation is defined in cognitive-developmental psychology as a child's actions that verify or produce simultaneous attending by that child and an adult to some object or event in the environment so that both may experience the object or event together. This paper presents a contingency analysis of gaze shift in JA initiation. The analysis describes reinforcer-establishing...

A transition from fetal hemoglobin (HbF) to adult hemoglobin (HbA) normally occurs within a few months after birth. Increased production of HbF after this period of infancy ameliorates clinical symptoms of the major disorders of adult β-hemoglobin: β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. The transcription factor BCL11A silences HbF and has been an attractive therapeutic target for increasing HbF...

background: prematurity is the most common cause of death and disability and preterm infants, are prone to developmental complications. for this reason this study was designed for follow up of these babies until 2 years by modified ddst-2. methods: this study was a prospective longitudinal descriptive study from march 2009 to march 2011 in clinic of sheikh and imam reza hospitals, mashhad, iran...