As part of a continuing study of the quantitative distribution of biochemically significant substances and activities in the separate zones of the adrenal gland in various functional states, the present report deals with pyridine nucleotidrs. In addition to other coenzyme functions, the pyridine nucleotides are involved in the hydroxylation of steroids in the adrenal (1, 2). Total osidized and ...

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is thought to mediate the transport of anti-cancer drugs and to be responsible for the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype in tumor cells. However, the function of P-gp in normal tissues is still not well understood. We present evidence indicating that the active efflux of several structurally unrelated organic compounds is mediated by P-gp in multidrug-resistant KB (KB-C2...

In response to stressors, the central nervous system of livestock (and other mammalian species) evokes physiological responses that ultimately result in activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the sympatho-adrenal axis. The responses of these major systems are presumed to have adaptive and homeostatic value during periods of stress. The major hormone regulating the...

Glucocorticoids, hormones produced by the adrenal gland cortex, perform numerous functions in body homeostasis and the response of the organism to external stressors. One striking feature of their regulation is a diurnal release pattern, with peak levels linked to the start of the activity phase. This release is under control of the circadian clock, an endogenous biological timekeeper that acts...

Several studies have demonstrated that opioids regulate a number of immune cell functions either through direct mechanisms or through the modulation of central nervous system outputs. It has been previously shown that morphine increases serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels; however, the mechanism by which this effect is produced is unknown. In the present study, experiments were designed to addres...

Evidence for the dysregulation of aldosterone synthesis in cardiovascular pathophysiology has renewed interest in the control of its production. Cellular mechanisms by which angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulates aldosterone synthesis in the adrenal zona glomerulosa are incompletely understood. To elucidate the mechanism of intracellular signaling by ANG II stimulation in the adrenal, we have studi...

In the adrenal gland, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) acting through the cAMP protein kinase (PKA) transduction pathway is the main regulator of genes involved in glucocorticoid synthesis. The prolactin (PRL) receptor is expressed in the adrenal cortex of most mammals, but experimental proof that PRL ensures direct control on glucocorticoid synthesis in rodents remains elusive. To unravel the physio...

Extensive cell contacts which resemble septate junctions occur between cells in the three major zones of the rat adrenal cortex. Characteristically, they extend between small intercellular canaliculi and the periendothelial space, frequently interrupted by gap junctions and rarely by desmosomes. Zonulae occludentes have not been identified in the adrenal cortex. Along this distinctive cell cont...

Primary Adrenal Lymphoma (PAL) is extremely rare and usually occurs in men the 6th-7th decade as bilateral, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, an 80-year-old patient admitted to urology outpatient clinic with flank pain bilateral adrenal mass detected on ultrasound presented. Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) was planned for who referred endocrine clinic. The P...