It is now well established that bile acids act as colon tumor promoters. However, a previous study provided conflicting data showing that dietary exposure of cholic acid (CHA), a primary bile acid, inhibits the carcinogen-induced formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), possible preneoplastic lesions, in colonic mucosa of rodents. Recently we found beta-catenin-accumulated crypts (BCAC) in colon...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the individual risk factors composing the CHADS(2) (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥ 75 years, Diabetes, previous Stroke) score and the CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc (CHA(2)DS(2)-Vascular disease, Age 65-74 years, Sex category) score and to calculate the capability of the schemes to predict thromboembolism. DESIGN Registry based cohort study. SETTING Nationwide data o...

We give formal content to some concepts, naturally stemming from consistent history approach (CHA), which are not formalized in the standard formulation of the theory. The outcoming (extended) conceptual basis is used to perform a formal, conceptually transparent analysis of some debated questions in CHA. As results, the problems raised by contrary inferences of Kent are ruled out, whereas some...

In C. elegans, the gene cha-1 is the structural gene for choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme which synthesizes acetylcholine. cha-1 is a complex gene which includes the previously described unc-17 locus; it has been hypothesized that a single protein is encoded which consists of several discrete structural domains. Mutations of the cha-1-unc-17 locus can be assigned to one of four classes on ...

in this study the uptake and metabolism of adenosine by mitochondria has been investigated. incubation of cem cells mitochondria preparation with [3h] -adenosine showed substantial uptake and metabolism of adenosine. adenosine was both anabolized to amp, adp and atp, and also catabolized to inosine. the highest concentration of metabolites in extracted mitochondria was due to amp. the mitochond...

1. CHA, S., MOURAD, N., CHA, C.-J. M., AND PARKE, R. E., JR., Fedemtion Proc., 24, 362 (1965). 2. MITCHELL, R. A., BUTLER, L. G., AND BOYER, P. D., B&hem. and Biophys. Research Communs., 16, 545, (1964). 3. KREIL, G., AND BOYER, P. D., Biochem. and Biophys. Research Commune., 16, 551 (1964). 4. CHA, S., AND PARKS, R. E., JR., Federation Proc., 22, 361 (1963); J. Btil. Chem., 239, 1961 (1964). 5...

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are formed during combustion in diesel engines and one current approach to reduce NOx to N2 is selective catalytic reduction with NH3 as reducing agent (NH3-SCR). To acquire both high activity and selectivity, the active site is often atomically dispersed metal atom, so-called single-site catalysts. In the case of NH3-SCR, one example is Cu-exchanged chabazite (Cu-CHA). Th...

background: the metabolically active tumor cells may be characterized by a pronounced adenosine release that regulates the growth and development of the tumor. consequently, the expression pattern of defined receptor subtypes will be an important determinant for specific effects of adenosine on the control of tumor cell growth. in recent studies, the expression profile, signal transduction, mol...

Duck plague virus (DPV), a member of alphaherpesvirus sub-family, can cause significant economic losses on duck farms in China. DPV Chinese virulent strain (CHv) is highly pathogenic and could induce massive ducks death. Attenuated DPV vaccines (CHa) have been put into service against duck plague with billions of doses in China each year. Researches on DPV have been development for many years, ...