Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a rare disease caused by focal dystonia in the laryngeal muscles. The adductor type SD (AdSD), which affects thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle, found 80% of all patients. For them, voice therapy and medication are less effective definitive surgical treatment has not been established yet. Botulinum toxin injection considered gold standard treatment. However, patients require...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term aerodynamic, acoustic, and electromyographic effects of serial botulinum toxin (BT) injections in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia. DESIGN Two-year, nonrandomized, controlled, before-after study. SETTING Ambulatory care clinic at a single academic medical center. PATIENTS A convenience sample of 91 patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia ev...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Laryngeal adductor muscle dysfunction is a common cause of voice disorders. Reconstitution of adductor muscle function is often the target of therapy, but the effects of these muscles on voice production remain to be fully understood. This study investigated the differential roles of thyroarytenoid (TA) and lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) muscles on voice production. STUDY ...

A 52-year-old woman was admitted for initiation of hemodialysis. She had a 33year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and gastroparesis. She developed acute right medial thigh pain and swelling, which prevented her from walking. The medial aspect of the thigh was firm, edematous, and exquisitely tender, but without warmth,...

In many species of lizards, males attain greater body size and have larger heads than female lizards of the same size. Often, the dimorphism in head size is paralleled by a dimorphism in bite force. However, the underlying functional morphological basis for the dimorphism in bite force remains unclear. Here, we test whether males are larger, and have larger heads and bite forces than females fo...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of botulinum toxin type A injection into the adductor muscles in reducing pain and improving joint mobility and quality of life in patients affected by hip osteoarthritis. METHODS A total of 39 outpatients, mean age 68 years (age range 41-82 years), were evaluated using the Harris Hip Score to test hip function, a visual analogue s...

Catecholamine stimulation of alpha1-adrenoceptors exerts growth factor-like activity, mediated by generation of reactive oxygen species, on arterial smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts and contributes to hypertrophy and hyperplasia in models of vascular injury and disease. Adrenergic trophic activity also contributes to flow-mediated positive arterial remodeling by augmenting prolif...

Abstraet-l . The effects of the amino acid, aspartate, as an allosteric modifier of pyruvate kinase (PK) were surveyed in tissue extracts from 18 species of animals. 2. Aspartate was a strong activator of PK in selected tissues of gastropod and bivalves molluscs, particularly amongst anoxia-tolerant species; with one exception, a polychaete worm, aspartate had no effect on PK from non-molluscan...

We present a case study of a person (63 year-old man), who has been using statins for 18 years, with rhabdomyolysis of the bilateral adductor muscles associated with strenuous and prolonged eccentric exercises (hiking) in a hot environment. Clinical examination showed predominantly on the right side muscle swelling and palpational pain of the bilateral adductor muscle groups and bilateral tibia...