With climate change and socioeconomic trends expected to exacerbate the risk of urban heat stress, implementing adaptation measures is paramount limit adverse impacts on inhabitants. Identification best options needs be based sound, localised assessments risk, understood as interaction hazard, exposure vulnerability. Yet a review literature reveals that minimal research date considers perceived...

The semiarid lands of Northeast Brazil represent one the most densely populated regions country. Rainfall variability together with land degradation and large-scale poverty in rural areas makes this region vulnerable to droughts. Most agriculture is rainfed deficient rainfall leads severe drought impacts. In review, we examine different short- long-term strategies directed cope possible impacts...

This paper outlines what is meant by “adaptation” to climate change, and how it might be addressed in the IPCC Assessments. Two roles of adaptation in the climate change field are identified: adaptation as part of impact assessment (where the key question is: what adaptations are likely?), and adaptation as part of the policy response (where the central question is: what adaptations are recomme...

Coastlines are very often places where the impacts of global change are felt most keenly, and they are also often sites of high values and intense use for industry, human habitation, nature conservation and recreation. In many countries, coastlines are a key contested territory for planning for climate change, and also locations where development and conservation conflicts play out. As a “test ...

Agricultural adaptation is necessary to reduce the negative impacts of climate change on crop yields and to maintain food production. However, few studies have assessed the course of adaptation along with the progress of climate change in each of the current major food producing countries. Adaptation pathways, which describe the temporal sequences of adaptations, are helpful for illustrating th...

This paper reviews the empirical literature on the economic impacts of natural disasters to inform both climate adaptation policy and the estimation of potential climate damages. It covers papers that estimate the shortand long-run economic impacts of weather-related extreme events as well as studies regarding the determinants of the magnitude of those damages (including fatalities). The paper ...

The majority rule scheme has been applied in the setting of robot swarms as a mechanism to reach consensus among a population of robots regarding the optimality of one out of two options. In the context of distributed decision making for agents, we consider two schemes of combining the majority rule scheme with dynamic adaptation for the well-known double bridge problem to cater for a situation...

The use of modern crop varieties is a dominant method of obtaining high yields in crop production. Efforts to identify suitable varieties, with characteristics that would increase crop yield under future climate conditions, remain essential to developing sustainable agriculture and food security. This work aims to evaluate potential genotypic adaptations (i.e., using varieties with increased ab...

The potential for developing synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation has become a recent focus of both climate research and policy. Presumably the interest in synergies springs from the appeal of creating win–win situations by implementing a single climate policy option. However, institutional complexity, insufficient opportunities and uncertainty surrounding their efficiency...