Mercosur has achieved important advances like the removal of intrabloc tariff and non-tariff barriers and the establishment of a common external tariff for most products. However, its ambitious plans to deepen the integration process comprising harmonisation of policies in areas like competition policy, government procurement, technical barriers and phytosanitary measures have not been implemen...

BACKGROUND Reliable data on the distribution of causes of death (COD) in a population are fundamental to good public health practice. In the absence of comprehensive medical certification of deaths, the only feasible way to collect essential mortality data is verbal autopsy (VA). The Tariff Method was developed by the Population Health Metrics Research Consortium (PHMRC) to ascertain COD from V...

This paper studies the impact of trade liberalization in terms of tariff cuts within the Eastern European enlargement on German and Austrian firm productivity. Unique matching of data from 1994 to 2003 suggests that tariff reductions raise parent firm productivity significantly. A ten percentage point decrease in tariff rates can lead to total factor productivity gains of up to 2 percent. The d...

Based on research by the Global Alliance Health and Pollution (GAHP), fourth largest contributor to deaths from pollution is Indonesia. The number of air not far related motorized vehicles in Indonesia, because more vehicles, carbon emissions are released thereby increasing In-Law 11 1995 concerning Excise jo. Law Number 39 2007, Excisable Goods stated article 2 paragraph (1) as certain items t...

There is significant evidence of variation in the penalties awarded in cases of plagiarism across the higher education sector, which has led to calls for standardisation of treatment. In this context, the annual reports of the Office of the Independent Adjudicator for Higher Education (OIA) in the UK have identified increases in the numbers of complaints pertaining to judgements of academic mis...

We replicate the findings of Emlinger and Guimbardr (ERAE, 2021) on heterogeneous effects per-unit tariffs trade patterns for developed developing countries. Analyzing import export data from 2001 to 2013, they confirm Alchian-Allen conjecture that costs induce higher unit values. However, are more pronounced country exporters. Understanding vis-a-vis ad valorem is important level playing field...

An attractive approach to managing electricity demand in the Smart Grid relies on real-time pricing (RTP) tariffs, where customers are incentivized to quickly adapt to changes in the cost of supply. However, choosing amongst competitive RTP tariffs is difficult when tariff prices change rapidly. The problem is further complicated when we assume that the price changes for a tariff are published ...

In recent years, firms in a number of industries have introduced wide menus of pricing plans that grant access to a virtually identical product under different pricing schemes. These menus of tariffs allow consumers to self-select into the tariff that best fits their demand. They include pure pay-per-use tariffs, tariffs where the consumer pays an access price, and a marginal price only for usa...

In many service industries, firms introduce three-part tariffs to replace or complement existing two-part tariffs. While both twoand three-part tariffs have been studied in the extant literature, to our best knowledge there have been no empirical studies of customer choice and usage when both types of tariffs are on offer. A pertinent question in that context is whether three-part tariff usage ...