The maintenance of hydromineral homeostasis depends on the coordinated action of arginine vasopressin (AVP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and other recently identified endocrine or paracrine hormones. Several reports have pointed out the changes in urinary excretion and osmolality during the sleep-wake cycle and the rapid eye movement (REM)-non(N)RE...

The therapeutic potential of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and TRH analogs in narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by abnormal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and daytime sleepiness, was examined using the canine model. The effects of TRH and the biologically stable TRH analogs CG3703, CG3509, and TA0910 on daytime sleep and cataplexy, a symptom of abnormal REM sleep, were assessed u...

Sleep alterations after a 1-min exposure to ether vapor were studied in rats to determine if this stressor increases rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep as does an immobilization stressor. Ether exposure before light onset or dark onset was followed by significant increases in REM sleep starting approximately 3-4 h later and lasting for several hours. Non-REM (NREM) sleep and electroencephalographic...

Mammalian sleep comprises rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep. To functionally isolate from the complex mixture of neurons populating the brainstem pons those involved in switching between REM and NREM sleep, we chemogenetically manipulated neurons of a specific embryonic cell lineage in mice. We identified excitatory glutamatergic neurons that inhibit REM sleep and promote ...

Spatiotemporal activity patterns of neurones are organized by different types of coherent network oscillations. Frequency content and cross-frequency coupling of cortical oscillations are strongly state-dependent, indicating that different patterns of wakefulness or sleep, respectively, support different cognitive or mnestic processes. It is therefore crucial to analyse specific sleep patterns ...

Benington and Heller (1994) recently proposed a sleep-dependent model for the homeostatic control of REM sleep in which the amount of REM sleep propensity discharged in each bout of REM sleep affects the timing of the subsequent REM episode. Consistent with their hypothesis, they reported that in rats the duration of a REM episode was positively correlated with the duration of the succeeding NR...

Slow waves represent one of the prominent EEG signatures of non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep and are thought to play an important role in the cellular and network plasticity that occurs during this behavioral state. These slow waves of natural sleep are currently considered to be exclusively generated by intrinsic and synaptic mechanisms within neocortical territories, although a role for...

Patients receiving opioids report feeling sleepy, but opioids actually inhibit the rapid eye movement phase of sleep (REM). Inhibition of REM sleep is followed by a rebound increase in REM sleep associated with cardiopulmonary complications. The medial pontine reticular formation (mPRF) is a brain region from which morphine can inhibit REM sleep. The present study tested the hypothesis that spe...

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep loss is associated with increased consumption of weight-promoting foods. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to mediate reward anticipation. However, the precise role of the PFC in mediating reward responses to highly palatable foods (HPF) after REM sleep deprivation is unclear. We selectively reduced REM sleep in mice over a 25-48 hr period and chemogeneticall...