Rapid synthesis of 4-ethyloctanoic acid by means of microwave irradiation is described. Diethyl malonate reacted with 2-ethyl-1-bromohexane in the presence of sodium ethoxide to give diethyl (2-ethylhexyl)malonate (1b). 1b was saponified in the solution of ethanol and potassium hydroxide and then acidified to form (2-ethylhexyl)propanedioic acid (1c), and 1c was heated and decarboxylized to giv...

-The chemical compositions ofchlorite-smectite mixed-layered minerals (C/S) from the Ohyu caldera (lnoue, 1985) are analyzed using M+-4Si-3R 2§ diagrams. The assumed original saponite has the following composition: Si3.54Alo.460 ~ 0Alo. ~7~Fe 2§ ~.385Mg1.z95Mn0.o2(OH)2M+o.56. Random C/S minerals ( 100 to 80% expandable layers) are interpreted as an interstratification of the starting 2:1 smecti...

-The chemical composition of mixed-layer serpentine/chlorite (Sp/Ch) in Tuscaloosa Formation sandstone was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) in the scanning electron miscroscope (SEM) and by X-ray diffraction (XRD). EDX results indicate little depth-controlled variation in composition, whereas XRD results suggest distinct decreases in octahedral Fe and tetrahedral A1. XRDde...

The analysis shows that the primary measure for purification of drinking water is its reliable disinfection with oxidants, which are chlorine and compounds, dioxide, ozone. aim article to analyze existing methods determination chlorite, hypochlorite chlorate anions in water. To dioxide strength solutions (to control generator performance) iodometric method (determination concentration, concentr...

The effect of varying doses of cimetidine and omeprazole, on acute gastric mucosal lesions produced by topical aspirin (200 mg/kg; 1 ml/100 g) in 0.175 M HCl or topical sodium taurocholate (40 mM; 1 ml/100 g) in 0.175 M HCl was studied in the pylorus ligated rat. Preliminary studies revealed dose dependent inhibition of acid secretion with both cimetidine and omeprazole. Intraperitoneal cimetid...

Soil amendment is one of the most effective methods to improve saline-alkali soil. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted verify effect 13 kinds amendments and their combinations (Citric acid (NM), Phosphogypsum (LS), Aluminum sulfate+citric (AL+NM), sulfate+phosphogypsum (AL+LS), acid+phosphogypsum (HH), Zeolite (Z), Acidified zeolite (ZH), sulfate (AL), sulfate+zeolite (AL+Z), s...

Clay minerals from the three principal kinds of zeolitic sediments from the type area for zeolite facies alteration, the Triassic Murihiku Supergroup, Southland, New Zealand, have been studied by TEM. Bentonitic tuff consists largely of smectite and heulandite with minor illite; they occur as replacements of glass shards and are inferred to be direct alteration products of tuff alteration. Both...