geographical concept of “haft karšvar” could be traced back to the proto-indo-iranian period. after the separation of indians and iranians, due to geographical circumstances and religio-political changes, original indo-iranian narrative of seven part of the earth, turned into its current versions. a comparison of old iranian and indian texts, specially avesta and vīspā̊ŋhō  purāṇa, shows that in...

following the formation of the persian empire by cyrus the great and its extension by darius i, from indus river in india to nile in egypt, persian kings felt that there is a need to use an international language to be understandable by all nations of this great empire. this need was greater when they sent orders and messages to these different nations. when darius i defeated his enemies and su...