In this paper we give conditions on the internal wear process under which the resulting time to failure model will be of the simple collapsible form Oakes Duchesne and Lawless when the usage accumulation history is available We suppose that failure occurs when internal wear crosses a certain threshold and or a trau matic event causes the item to fail Cox and Bagdonavi cius and Nikulin We model ...

Knowledge of the mutational parameters that affect the evolution of organisms is of key importance in understanding the evolution of several characteristics of many natural populations, including recombination and mutation rates. In this study, we estimated the rate and mean effect of spontaneous mutations that affect fitness in a mutator strain of Escherichia coli and review some of the estima...

In this paper, we present a general model for predicting the fatigue behavior for any stress level and amplitude using the exponential model. Based on the W\"ohler field for fixed stress level, a compatibility functional equation enables us to derive the general model with eight parameters. The problem of parameter estimation is then

This study analyzes how accumulation of knowledge takes place in para-scientific area, focusing on the case of Analytic Philosophy. The theoretical framework chosen for the analysis is Kuhn’s theory of normal science. The methodology employed is qualitative citation context analysis. A sample of 60 papers published in leading Analytic Philosophy journals between 1950 and 2009 is analyzed, and a...

After a steady decline following World War II, the ratio of Canadian public sector debt to GDP reached a minimum of 6% in 1974. Between 1975 and 1995, this ratio increased until it reached a maximum of 81% in 1995. What were the causes of the accumulation of government debt in Canada between 1975 and 1995? How large were the respective contributions of high interest rates, low growth rates, the...

We used the crossed-cylinder aberroscope technique to obtain the near infrared (784 nm) wave-front aberration of the human eye. We compared the results with those obtained under the same conditions using red light (633 nm). Other than the greater retinal scattering of the near infrared light, third- and fourth-order wave-front aberrations are similar in both wavelengths. Values of the calculate...

he purpose of this paper is to review what economists know at present about the following question: How large a portion of the existing wealth is the result of a bequest motive, that is, of accumulation for the specific purpose of leaving bequests? I will also endeavor to clarify why an answer to this question is of interest. In the early Keynesian period when the study of national saving first...

Accumulation techniques were invented to transform functional programs, which intensively use append functions (like inefficient list reversal), into more efficient programs, which use accumulating parameters instead (like efficient list reversal). In this paper we present a generalized and automatic accumulation technique that also handles programs operating with unary functions on arbitrary t...

This work explores strategy learning through genetic programming in artificial ‘ants’ that navigate the San Mateo trail. We investigate several properties of linearly structured (as opposed to typical tree–based) GP including: the significance of simple register based memories, the significance of constraints applied to the crossover operator, and how ‘active’ the ant are. We also provide a bas...

Plant-cultured cells are often highly heterogeneous in secondary metabolite productivity. The industrial application for large-scale metabolite production requires establishment of a stable high-producing cell line. In this study, image analysis of the individual cell is investigated as a method for evaluation of a heterogeneous cell population, and compared with the conventional method of esti...