according to common law rules of england, obligation by one party is enforceable when the other has provided a consideration or the contract has been put in a deed. in some common law jurisdictions, such as australia, canada and the united states, another doctrine, named reasonable reliance, has developed, which could act as surrogate for the doctrine of consideration. english courts, however, ...

This study examines Pawn Paddy Practices according to Islamic Law and Positive Law. The purpose of this was determine the practice pawning rice fields in Sukajaya Village, Jonggol District, Bogor Regency, analyze by people Law, community Regency positive law. research method uses a qualitative approach with type case structured in-depth interviews residents totaling 12 Village. results indicate...

Media disinformation is an international crime that carries with it criminal culpability for its perpetrators. All elements of from the legal, material, moral, and pillars are present in media disinformation. The legal pillar consists texts found conventions, declarations, covenants, Geneva Conventions 1949 their additional protocols, others, which all stipulate combating disinformation, whethe...

This article examines the most recent shift in ongoing debates concerning the relationship between international criminal law and transitional justice, using the examples of international criminal prosecutions before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and transitional justice mechanisms in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It reframes the problematic relationship between...