Abstract Credit ratings reflect the publisher's ability and willingness to fulfill its financial obligations fully and in a timely manner, leading to increased confidence in listed corporations (publishers). The main purpose of the plan is to identify and present the obstacles and limitation...

Bureaucracy is considered as one of the world’s today processes and modern world. Following the expansion of the thought of rationalism under the Renaissance in the West along with the growing increase in the world's population, the concept of instrumental rationality and, consequently, bureaucracy has been expanded. In this regard, the influence of functionalism theory is significant as one of...

recent studies in scientific education as well as foreign and second language instruction suggest that thinking has rarely been an integral part of education and training in classroom. some scholars decried the lack of emphasis on thinking in the institutes and schools. they noted that memorization and drills were rewarded,while inquiry, reflection, and consideration of alternatives were frowne...