During a very long period of time, civil engineers have been the only ones to be designated as the experts for underground space, while the planners and architects were the ones of the development at the surface. Cities worldwide tend to overlook an invaluable asset that lies beneath their surfaces. Most cities and urban regions are unaware of the benefits underground space use has to offer, bo...

Urban art as an effective and valuable tool has an important role in the qualities of public spaces. The existence of artistic elements in an urban space can be a precondition for the presence or absence of citizens in urban spaces. In this context, the aim of this study was to examine the role of urban and public arts with an emphasis on urban graphics in presence and people-oriented factors o...

As it can be understood from the term “urban public spaces”, these spaces should improve social life of a city and facilitate citizens’ relationships. They should be accessible for everybody and be able to attract and function for any age group. In the meantime, children are a considerable part of the society that their presence in city is often disregarded and are not seriously considered as c...

boron nitride semiconducting zigzag swcnt, $b_{cb}$$n_{cn}$$c_{1-cb-cn}$, as a potential candidate for making nanoelectronic devices was examined. in contrast to the previous dft calculations, wherein just one boron and nitrogen doping configuration have been considered, here for the average over all possible configurations, density of states (dos) was calculated in terms of boron and nitrogen ...

the purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the relation between efl teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and their success. moreover, the study was an analysis of the teacher age, gender and years of teaching experience, to examine the manner in which these factors relate to teacher self-efficacy as defined by bandura (1997) and teaching effectiveness as evaluated by their own student...

toury (1978:200) believes that translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions. being polite while asking for something takes place differently in different cultures and languages, therefore various strategies may be applied for making requests and also translation of them in order not to disturb or threaten the face or better to sa...

cognitive studies of translation process have recently been awarded a great deal of attention. there exists a psychological angle to almost all translation activities. the present study, thus, deals with analysing the relationships between iranian prospective translators tolerance for ambiguity (ta) and their willingness to translate (wtt). the research was conducted as a mixed methods study, d...

according to webster and wind (1972) and anderson et al (1987), “organizational buying is a complex process and involves many people from different functional areas, multiple goals and potentially conflicting decision criteria. moreover, the customers of today are also more knowledgeable and selective when making their purchasing decisions. since a key to organizational survival is the retentio...