The exciton bound (BE) at the shallow Be acceptor confined in a narrow GaAsIAlGaAs quantum well (QW) has been investigated by means of selective photoluminescence (SPL) and PL excitation (PLE) experiments. For the shallow acceptor, several excited states have been observed as two-hole transition (THT) satellites of the BE. The heavy hole (hh)-like excited nS(T6) acceptor states dominate the sat...

A new homogeneous competitive assay of ligand affinities was proposed based on quenching the fluorescence of tryptophan/tyrosine residues in a protein via Főrster-resonance-energy-transfer using a fluorescent reference ligand as the acceptor. Under excitation around 280 nm, the fluorescence of a protein or a bound acceptor was monitored upon competitive binding against a nonfluorescent candidat...

All vertebrate alpha3- and alpha3/4-FUTs possess the characteristic acceptor-binding motif VxxHH(W/R)(D/E). FUT6 and FUTb enzymes, harboring R in the acceptor-binding motif, transfer fucose in alpha1,3 linkage, whereas FUT3 and FUT5 enzymes with W at the candidate position can also transfer fucose in alpha1,4 linkage-FUT3 being more efficient than FUT5. To determine the involvement of the W/R r...

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an extremely effective tool to detect molecular interaction at suboptical resolutions. One of the techniques for measuring FRET is acceptor photobleaching: the increase in donor fluorescence after complete acceptor photobleaching is a measure of the FRET efficiency. However, in wide-field microscopy, complete acceptor photobleaching is difficult ...

Insertions of transposable elements into the myosin heavy chain (Mhc) locus disrupt the regulation of alternative pre-mRNA splicing for multi-alternative exons in the Mhc2, Mhc3, and Mhc4 mutants in Drosophila. Sequence and expression analyses show that each inserted element introduces a strong polyadenylation signal that defines novel terminal exons, which are then differentially recognized by...

Sialic acids play important roles in various biological processes and typically terminate the oligosaccharide chains on the cell surfaces of a wide range of organisms, including mammals and bacteria. Their attachment is catalyzed by a set of sialyltransferases with defined specificities both for their acceptor sugars and the position of attachment. However, little is known of how this specifici...

Soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins are essential for membrane fusion in transport between the yeast ER and Golgi compartments. Subcellular fractionation experiments demonstrate that the ER/Golgi SNAREs Bos1p, Sec22p, Bet1p, Sed5p, and the Rab protein, Ypt1p, are distributed similarly but localize primarily with Golgi membranes. All of these SNARE proteins are efficiently p...

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are waveguides doped with luminescent centers that can spectrally and spatially concentrate sunlight. They can reduce the cost of photovoltaic energy production and are attractive prospects for photobioreactors and building-integrated applications. Reabsorption, caused by non-zero overlap between the absorption and emission spectra of the light-emitting ce...

The donor donor-acceptor (DD-A) FRET model has proven to have a higher FRET efficiency than donor-acceptor acceptor (D-AA), donor-acceptor (D-A), and donor donor-acceptor acceptor (DD-AA) FRET models. The in-tube and in-cell experiments clearly demonstrate that the "DD-A" FRET binary probes can indeed increase the FRET efficiency and provide higher imaging contrast, which is about one order of ...

Brief myocardial ischemia not only evokes a local cardioprotective or "preconditioning" effect but also can render remote myocardium resistant to sustained ischemia. We propose the following hypotheses: remote protection is initiated by a humoral trigger; brief ischemia-reperfusion will result in release of the humoral trigger (possibly adenosine and/or norepinephrine) into the coronary effluen...