An atlas of the cerebral ganglion of Moniliformis dubius has been constructed and the cells identified by number. There is a total of 88 cells, two of which are binucleate. These cells (20 and 90) are located in the frontal plane. The cell population is equally distributed between each half of the ganglion, there being 41 cells on each side with six cells centrally located between the two halve...

We investigated the influence of the acanthocephalan parasite Polymorphus minutus on the mortality of its intermediate host, Gammarus roeseli, exposed to cadmium, by the measure of LC(50-96h) values as well as the bioaccumulation of cadmium both in the host and in its parasite. LC(50) results revealed that infected G. roeseli males died less under cadmium stress than uninfected ones; while the ...

Many parasites with complex life cycles increase the chances of reaching a final host by adapting strategies to manipulate their intermediate host's appearance, condition or behaviour. The acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis uses freshwater amphipods as intermediate hosts before reaching sexual maturity in predatory fish. We performed a series of choice experiments with infected and ...

Acanthocephala is a minor phylum of dioecious worms (Helminths) which is often overlooked in beginning biology and parasitology courses [1]. Hooks are a major characteristic of all known species, thus they have been referred to as thorny headed or spiny headed worms. An evertable (protrudible) proboscis is armed with the hooks which provide permanent attachment to the host intestine. Over 1150 ...

Many trophically transmitted parasites manipulate their intermediate host phenotype, resulting in higher transmission to the final host. However, it is not known if manipulation is a fixed adaptation of the parasite or a dynamic process upon which selection still acts. In particular, local adaptation has never been tested in manipulating parasites. In this study, using experimental infections b...

abstract         heavy metals have raised one of the most important problems in ecology and organisms life especially human being and animals. a variety of indicators including tissues of fish, birds and sediment have been used recently to measure the aquatic pollution with heavy metals. the aim of this study was to search the published articles in iran and the world on the role of helminthic p...