In tropical forests light and water availability are the most important factors for seedling growth and survival but an increasing frequency of drought may affect tree regeneration. One central question is whether drought and shade have interactive effects on seedling growth and survival. Here, we present results of a greenhouse experiment, in which seedlings of 10 Ghanaian tree species were ex...

purpose:dental shade guides are commonly used for color determination and should be disinfected and sterilized. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the color change of vita 3d master shade tabs after disinfection and sterilization. material and methods:overall, 98 samples (shade tabs) were randomly selected from 14 new, unused vita 3d sets, including the following shades: 2m1, 3l1.5, 3m1,...

Present experiments were conducted to determine the possibility of artificial culture with various sawdust of P. gilvus. The pH value was 6.0 of oak sawdust, 6.5 of mulberry sawdust, 6.6 of elm sawdust, 6.3 of acacia sawdust and 6.1 of apple tree sawdust. Mycelial density on elm sawdust and acacia sawdust were lower than those of oak sawdust, and apple sawdust. Weight of fresh fruiting body sho...

The purpose of this survey was to determine the knowledge and awareness about the principles of tooth shade selection among final year dental students, interns, general dentists and specialist prosthodontists/restorative dentists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A self-administrative questionnaire especially designed for this study, was distributed among a conveniently selected sample. A total of 292 (...

We examined reassembly of winning and losing tree species, species traits including shade and fire tolerance, and associated disturbance filters and forest ecosystem types due to rapid forest change in the Great Lakes region since 1850. We identified winning and losing species by changes in composition, distribution, and site factors between historical and current surveys in Minnesota's mixed a...

The purposes of this study are: (1) determine the color of the twenty shades in the Ivoclar’s Chromascop shade guide, (2) determine the color representation of the shade guide described as coverage error (CE), and (3) compare this shade guide with the Vita Classical and Bioform shade guides. The spectral data was collected using Beckman model DU reflectance spectrophotometer equipped with an in...

Production and properties of charcoal from four years old Acacia assak, A. negrii, A. seyal, A. karroo, A. ampliceps, A. stenophylla and A. salicina grown in the Experiments and Research Station, College of Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were studied. The first three species are indigenous while the others are exotic. 21 trees were felled and disks of 20 cm each from th...

Analyzing paper-based election ballots requires finding all marks added to the base ballot. The position, size, shape, rotation and shade of these marks are not known a priori. Scanned ballot images have additional differences from the base ballot due to scanner noise. Different image processing techniques are evaluated to see under what conditions they are able to detect what sorts of marks. B...

Three closely related oRUulosic q l i c latex 6ims were prepared employing acacia pulp fibers, cellulose whiskers and daclocellulose balls and their respective strength properties were determined. Wulose whisker reinforced composites had &md stl.ength properties compGired to the acacia pulp and nanoball composites. APM analysis indicated that the d u b w h i s h &or& composite exhibited d e c r...