wormwood sagebrush (artemisia sieberi besser) is one of the most widely distributed shrub species in iran and turkistan steppes, its establishment on dry lands has generally been proven difficult because of low seedling vigor, inability to compete with herbaceous species, poor seed quality, and altered edaphic conditions. in order to evaluation of planting methods and seedling establishment, se...

Influences on viability and germination of seeds have been studied intensively for many years, particularly for the numer-ous commercially important agricultural, ornamental, and timber species. High germinating seed lots may differ substantially in field emergence when sown at the same time in the same field, and/or may differ in performance after storage in the same environment or transport t...

Despite the critical role of seed dispersal for tree colonization during forest succession in wet tropical forests, successional trajectories modes are poorly documented at community level. Overall trends forests indicate that, over time, animal-dispersed and large-seeded species increase relative abundance woody vegetation, whereas wind-dispersed small-seeded decline. Increased trees may be at...

Plant roots direct their growth in response to gravity, light, and mechanical stimuli. Spatial changes in the rates of cell elongation and division are responsible for the directional growth. Local changes in hormone concentration and/or sensitivity have been shown to be part of the signal transduction and response mechanisms that result in those tropic growth resonses. Part of most hormone reg...

Methylene blue is widely used in various industrial branches. Due to insufficient treatment, its occurrence in wastewater is frequently detected, which may result in serious environment problems to aquatic organisms. Hydroponic experiments were conducted with rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. XZX 45) exposed to methylene blue to determine the effective concentration using relative gr...

Wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia) is one of the most important species that provides a variety of ecological functions in the Zagros forest ecosystem. In this study, we investigated the effects of some seed treatments on the survival and growth of Amygdalus scoparia after seed planting at different aspects and elevations under natural conditions. The seed pretreatments consisted in soaking them ...

Over-abundance of native herbivores is a problem in many forests worldwide. The abundance of native macropod wallabies is extremely high at Booderee National Park (BNP) in south-eastern Australia. This has occurred because of the reduction of exotic predators through an intensive baiting program, coupled with the absence of other predators. The high density of wallabies at BNP may be inhibiting...

This study was conducted in the Kordofan region of Sudan during 2011–12. It was devoted to the morphology associated to the juvenile development and performance of tree species of Capparaceae and Combretaceae in a nursery and early field growth. The nursery experiment was conducted to study morphological characters to identify seedlings of tree species under study. Seedlings were transplanted t...

To determine the composition and abundance of zooplankton assemblages in Eğirdir Lake-Turkey, monthly surveys were conducted from January to December 2010 at four stations. A total of 65 major zooplankton species were identified. Rotifera was the most abundant taxon dominated mainly by the species Polyarthra dolichoptera and Keratella cochlearis. Rotifers were recorded at the maximum abundance ...