In ciliates, small RNAs have been shown to target foreign sequences for silencing via elimination from the somatic genome. Fang et al. now reveal a set of Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in Oxytricha trifallax that likewise enable genomic self versus nonself discrimination, this time by specifying self sequences for genome retention.

The octagon abstract domain, devoted to discovering octagonal constraints (also called Unit Two Variable Per Inequality or UTVPI constraints) of a program, is one of the most commonly used numerical abstractions in practice, due to its quadratic memory complexity and cubic time complexity. However, the octagon domain itself is restricted to express convex sets and has limitations in handling no...

In this paper, an improved harmony search with chaos (HSCH) is presented for solving NP-hard absolute value equation (AVE) Ax |x| = b, where A is an arbitrary square matrix whose singular values exceed one. The simulation results in solving some given AVE problems demonstrate that the HSCH algorithm is valid and outperforms the classical HS algorithm (HS) and HS algorithm with differential muta...

The octagon abstract domain, devoted to discovering octagonal constraints (also called Unit Two Variable Per Inequality or UTVPI constraints) of a program, is one of the most commonly used numerical abstractions in practice, due to its quadratic memory complexity and cubic time complexity. However, the octagon domain itself is restricted to express convex sets and has limitations in handling no...

Presented is an algorithm which for each A, B ∈ Rn×n and b ∈ Rn in a finite number of steps either finds a solution of the equation Ax+B|x| = b, or states existence of a singular matrix S satisfying |S − A| ≤ |B| (and in most cases also constructs such an S).

Metric spaces are among the most important widely studied topics in mathematics. In recent years, Mathematicians began to investigate using other metrics different from Euclidean metric. These metrics also find their place computer age in addition to their importance in geometry. In this paper, we consider the plane geometry with the generalized absolute value metric and define trigonometric fu...

1. Lyapunov Exponents for Differential Equations 2. Abstract Theory of Lyapunov Exponents 3. Regularity of Lyapunov Exponents Associated with Differential Equations 4. Lyapunov Stability Theory 5. The Oseledets Decomposition 6. Dynamical Systems with Nonzero Lyapunov Exponents. Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem 7. Nonuniform Hyperbolicity. Regular Sets 8. Examples of Nonuniformly Hyperbolic System...

A least absolute approach to multiple fuzzy regression using Tw-norm based arithmetic operations is discussed by using the generalized Hausdorff metric and it is investigated for the crisp inputfuzzy output data. A comparative study based on two data sets are presented using the proposed method using shape preserving operations with other existing method.

We introduce a new centrist or intermediate inequality concept, between the usual relative and absolute notions, which is shown to be a variant of the a-ray invariant inequality measures in P®ngsten and Seidl (1997). We say that distributions x and y have the same …x; p†-inequality if the total income di ̈erence between them is allocated among the individuals as follows: 100p% preserving income ...

Recently Bai and Yang in [On HSS-based iteration methods for weakly nonlinear systems, Appl. Numer. Math. 59 (2009) 2923–2936.] proposed the Picard-HSS iteration method to solve the system of nonlinear equations Ax = φ(x), where A ∈ Cn×n is a nonHermitian positive definite matrix and φ : D ⊂ C → C is continuously differentiable function defined on the open complex domain D in the n-dimensional ...