نتایج جستجو برای: absolute risk reduction
تعداد نتایج: 1459675 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Experimental and field research has shown that individuals often exhibit time inconsistent preferences. Often this is in the direction of “hyperbolic” or quasi-hyperbolic discounting. That is, individuals have a steeper discount rate for a given delay length when that delay comes sooner. This paper presents an experiment that tests this hypothesis with a novel choice task. Instead of being aske...
Commentary Definitive evidence of how best to prevent CIN is lacking despite numerous studies. Markota and colleagues found that 5 g of oral Na/K citrate given 1 hour before coronary angiography and then 4 hours later resulted in a 17% absolute risk reduction in CIN at 48 hours after catheterization. Post hoc analysis showed a 93% relative risk reduction (RRR) in CIN in patients with urinary pH...
While the comparative statics of asset demand have been studied extensively, surprisingly little work has been done on the behavior of equilibrium asset prices and returns in response to changes in the supplies of securities. This is despite considerable interest in the equity premium and interest rate puzzles. In this paper, we seek to fill this void for the classic case of a representative ag...
We introduce a class of utility-based market makers that always accept orders at their risk-neutral prices. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for such market makers to have bounded loss. We prove that hyperbolic absolute risk aversion utility market makers are equivalent to weighted pseudospherical scoring rule market makers. In particular, Hanson’s logarithmic scoring rule market m...
We propose a new class of aggregation operator based on utility function and apply them to group decision-making problem. First of all, based on an optimal deviation model, a new operator called the interval generalized ordered weighted utility multiple averaging (IGOWUMA) operator is proposed, it incorporates the risk attitude of decision-makers (DMs) in the aggregation process. Some desirable...
insurers have in the past few decades faced longevity risks - the risk that annuitants survive more than expected - and therefore need a new approach to manage this new risk. in this dissertation we survey methods that hedge longevity risks. these methods use securitization to manage risk, so using modern financial and insurance pricing models, especially wang transform and actuarial concepts, ...
OBJECTIVE As part of the Physicians' Observational Work on Patient Education According to their Vascular Risk (POWER) survey, we used Framingham methodology to examine the effect of an eprosartan-based regimen on total coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in diabetic patients recruited in Canada. METHODS Patients with new or uncontrolled hypertension (sitting systolic blood pressure [SBP] >140 m...
In the EBN notebooks that have appeared in the previous 2 issues of the journal, we outlined 3 steps to help us to determine whether to apply the results of a research study to our patients. Firstly, we should consider whether the study results are valid. For articles about the effectiveness of healthcare interventions, the 3 key validity issues are whether the patients were randomly assigned t...
1 report the results of a study that examined the impact of using four different risk/benefit measures when communicating survival benefits to individuals charged with deciding whether to recommend chemotherapy for their mothers. The four measures defined by the authors were relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction, absolute survival benefit, and number needed to treat. Two hundred four...
BACKGROUND In early estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer, the decision to administer chemotherapy is largely based on prognostic criteria. The combined molecular/clinical EndoPredict test (EPclin) has been validated to accurately assess prognosis in this population. In this study, the clinical relevance of EPclin in relation to well-established clinical guidelines is asse...
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