This paper reviews bovine placental development, anatomy (microscopic and gross), nomenclature and classification. The paper focuses on the biology of those specialized cells that arise from the outermost layer of very early embryos, the trophoblast cells, and on placental macrophages, cells that play a key role in fetal/placental defense. Data is presented from an immunohistochemical quantitat...

objective: peganum harmala (p. harmala), “espand” in persian, has small seeds and has been used in traditional medicine as emmenagogue and an abortifacient. it has various pharmacological effects such as antifungal, antibacterial, hypothermic, anticancer, antinociceptive, and reversible monoamine oxidase inhibition. case details: this case was a 45 years old woman who ingested about 50 grams se...

For health consumers and health care professionals of an orthodox Judeo-Christian or Islamic tradition, as well as those authentically concerned with the universal respect of unqualified human rights, the asserted capacity of the pill to act as an abortifacient, both in its once-a-day and 'morning-after' permutations, is one of significant moral weight. The research on 'break-through' ovulation...

The two cases before the Supreme Court entail more specific objections by specific employers. In both cases, the businesses are for-profit corporations owned privately by members of a single family, and both the owners and the corporations themselves are plaintiffs. In both cases, the plaintiffs object not to coverage of all contraceptive methods and services, but to coverage of and counseling ...

Five steroidal sapogenins (tigogenin, neotigogenina, hecogenin, gloriogenin, and dehydrohecogenin) were characterised by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from a hydrolysed extract of sisal waste. In addition, pure hecogenin, an important raw material for the pharmaceutical industry, was obtained from this waste by selective liquid-liquid extraction of saponins with only...

Background: Medical and surgical methods are available for abortions in both the first and second trimester. Aim: To review the evidence base and current recommendations for available methods of abortions in first and second trimesters. Methods: Extensive literature search and review of available guidelines were done. Results: In the first trimester, medical methods are recommended below 7 week...

A randomized complete block design was used to compare the effects of feeding melengestrol acetate (MGA) at 0.4 (0.4M) and 0.5 (0.5M) mg/d per head on feedlot performance, estrus activity, and carcass characteristics of commercial beef heifers (n = 1,418; 10 pens/ treatment). Within 48 h of arrival at the research site, heifers were assigned to treatment, processed according to feedlot protocol...

Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases and is a significant cause of abortion in animals. Brucella melitensis strain Rev. 1 is recommended as the most effective vaccine for small ruminants but the application of full doses in adult animals is restricted. This study was conducted to determine a proper reduced dose of vaccine which confers protection but which is not abortifac...

This article examines the ethical and legal implications of conscience clauses, which allow pharmacists to refuse to fill prescriptions for oral contraceptives due to their belief that they may constitute abortifacients. The author provides an informative background on contraception and the history of how abortion has been viewed in this country, then takes a critical look at some of the consci...