BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency is considered as one of the public health problems among pregnant women worldwide. Population representative data on vitamin A status in pregnancy have not previously been published from Iran. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to publish data on vitamin A status in pregnant women in all the provinces of Iran in 2001, including urban and rural areas, and to d...

The prevalence and risk factors associated with vitamin A deficiency (VAD) were analyzed in 664 mothers and their 790 children under the age of five in Pernambuco in 2006. A population-based cross-sectional study, with a representative sample in urban and rural areas was conducted. VAD was defined as serum retinol levels < 20 mg/dL for both groups (mothers and children). Bi and multivariate ana...

We have probably all heard that carrots are good for our health, particularly for our eye health. This is primarily due to the very high levels of vitamin A and its natural precursor, beta-carotene, in carrots. In fact, a single cup of carrots has been reported to provide over 650% of our daily needs for vitamin A, which is simply amazing. In addition to being rich in vitamin A, carrots are a v...

Underlying these causes are factors such as household food insecurity (due to poverty or other reasons), inadequate care and feeding practices, unhealthy household environments and inadequate health services.1 How these factors inter-relate with each other is shown on page 64. Being undernourished for a long time can lead to stunting. In addition to its most obvious effects on stature (height),...

INTRODUCTION Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is recognized as a major cause of blindness among children in India. OBJECTIVE To find out the prevalence of VAD in rural children of Uttar Pradesh, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was undertaken amongst children (0-15 years) in a rural area of Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh) where the study population was selected by simple random sa...

One hundred seventy-eight children from three villages were studied in a cross-sectional fashion to evaluate the efficacy of conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) to characterize vitamin A status of individual children and populations of children and to examine the relationship of vitamin A status to nutritional status. Although children with abnormal CIC results had lower retinol concentratio...

AIMS To investigate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among lactating women in a poor urban population of Bangladesh, and to examine the relationship between various factors and vitamin A status. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Maternal and child health clinic in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 120 lactating women aged 17-37 years were randomly selected ...

Reported are estimates of the prevalence in developing countries of physiologically significant vitamin A deficiency and the number of attributable deaths. The WHO classification of countries by the severity and extent of xerophthalmia was used to categorize developing countries by likely risk of subclinical vitamin A deficiency. Using vital statistics compiled by UNICEF, we derived population ...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the associations between breast-feeding, dietary intakes and other related factors and subclinical vitamin A deficiency (SVAD) in children aged 0-5 years in an area in China where mild vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is found. METHODS Data were from a population-based cross-sectional study with 1052 children aged 0-5 years. SVAD cases were identified by the in...

vitamin k is required for the hepatic production of blood coagulation factors ii, vii, ix and x. the term vitamin k refers to a variety of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone derivatives. vitamin k1 (phylloquinone) occurs in green plants, while vitamin k2 (menaquinone) is synthesized by microbial in the gut. the recommended dose of vitamin k in neonates is 1 mg intramuscularly. for infants...