Chromatography is a common step in the solution-phase synthesis of typical peptides, as well as peptide fragments for subsequent coupling on a solid support. Combining known reagents that form readily separable byproducts is shown to eliminate this step, which wastes time and other resources. Specifically, activating carboxyl groups with isobutyl chloroformate or as pentafluorophenyl esters and...

Starting from 2-(triphenylsilyl)ethanol a new oxycarbonyl protecting group cleavable by fluoride ion induced Peterson-elimination has been developed. Known 2-(triphenylsilyl)ethanol has been prepared from commercially available triphenylvinyl-silane by a hydroboration-oxidation sequence using the sterically hindered borane reagent 9-BBN. The silyl alcohol was subsequently transformed into its c...

The design of self-assembled peptide-based structures for three-dimensional cell culture and tissue repair has been a key objective in biomaterials science for decades. In search of the simplest possible peptide system that can self-assemble, we discovered that combinations of di-peptides that are modified with aromatic stacking ligands could form nanometre-sized fibres when exposed to physiolo...

Acyl shifts involving N-S and S-S rearrangements are reactions central to the breaking of a peptide bond and forming of thioester intermediates in an intein-catalyzed protein splicing that ultimately leads to the formation of a new peptide bond by an uncatalyzed S-N acyl shift reaction. To mimic these three acyl shift reactions in forming thioesters and the subsequent peptide ligation, here we ...

To create cytotoxic hybrid analogs of somatostatin (SST), octapeptides RC-160 (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp- Lys-Val-Cys-Trp-NH2) and RC-121 (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp- Lys-Val-Cys-Thr-NH2) were linked to doxorubicin (DOX) or its superactive derivative, 2-pyrrolino-DOX (AN-201). The conjugation was performed by coupling N-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (N-Fmoc)-DOX-14-O-hemiglutarate or 2-pyrrolino-DOX-14-O-hemig...

Protein therapeutics have a major role in medicine that they are used to treat diverse pathologies. Their three-dimensional structures not only offer higher specificity and lower toxicity than small organic compounds but also make them less stable, limiting their vivo half-life. analogues obtained by recombinant DNA technology or chemical modification and/or the use of drug delivery vehicles ha...

Sugar diamino acids (SDAs), which differ from the widely used sugar amino acids in the presence of a second amino group connected to the carbohydrate core, share structural features of both amino acids and carbohydrates. They can be used for the preparation of linear and branched amide-linked oligosaccharide mimetics. Such oligomers carry free amino groups, which are positively charged at neutr...

The cycloaddition of azides to alkynes is one of the most important synthetic routes to 1H-[1,2,3]-triazoles. Here a novel regiospecific copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of terminal alkynes to azides on solid-phase is reported. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl azides, aryl azides, and an azido sugar were used successfully in the copper(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition producing div...

Nanoparticles possessing multiple functionalities provide synthetic handles for varied surface chemistries, making them useful for a range of applications such as biotargeting and drug delivery. However, the combination of interfering functionalities on the same particle is often challenging. We have employed a synthetic scheme involving chemical protection/deprotection to combine interfering f...

General chemical synthesis methods. Anhydrous solvents were obtained commercially. Solvents required for oxime ligation coupling reactions were distilled from 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine immediately prior to use. Air-sensitive reactions were carried out under Ar. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on aluminium sheets coated with 60 F254 silica. Flash column chromatography was performe...