This paper studies the optimization of hydrothermal systems. We shall use Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle as the basis for proving a necessary condition for the stationary functions of the functional, setting out our problem in terms of optimal control in continuous time, with the Bolza-type functional. This theorem allows us to elaborate the optimization algorithm that leads to determination of...

The physiological process of germination depends on several environmental factors such as temperature, water potential, light, nutrients and smoke. Water and temperature are determinant factors for seed germination. Both factors can, separately or jointly, affect the germination percentage and germination rate. The effect of temperature on germination and water potential on germination canoften...

infiltration in furrow irrigation is 2-d which depends on both time and surface characteristics at which infiltration occurs. however, in many furrow irrigation models, infiltration is determined as a function of infiltration time opportunity, assuming the variation of weted perimeter is low along furrow. in order to compare the proposed asumptions, two zero-inertia furrow irrigation models wer...

Hydrothermal treatment of wood material products with many interesting properties such as enhanced dimensional stability, lower equilibrium moisture content and increased biological durability. The effects of hydrothermal treatment on dimensional stability, oven dry density and water absorption of beech wood (Fagus Orientalis) naturally grown, has been studied in present research that extremely...

the gastric cancer in iran is the fourth in the general population. this study was designed to determine the five-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients, and to assess its associated factors. we analyzed the data using a time-dependent covariates model, and recommend it for analyses of similar data. 281 gastric cancer patients with adenocarcinomatous pathology who had been operated on at...

Until recently, hydrothermal vents were not considered to be an important source to the marine dissolved Fe (dFe) inventory because hydrothermal Fe was believed to precipitate quantitatively near the vent site. Based on recent abyssal dFe enrichments near hydrothermal vents, however, the leaky vent hypothesis [Toner BM, et al. (2012) Oceanography 25(1):209-212] argues that some hydrothermal Fe ...