Follower notices, introduced in Finance Act 2014, can certain avoidance situations be served on a taxpayer by HMRC (the UK revenue authority) where is of the opinion that principles or reasoning decided case would deny tax advantage dispute. Such taxpayer, who persists with dispute, then exposed to tax-geared penalty up 50 percent and required pay dispute before litigation determined. The follo...

A motor alimentary conditioned reflex was elaborated in hippocampectomized and intact albino rats. Food reinforcement followed 100 percent, 50 percent, 33 percent or 25 percent of conditional stimulus presentations (click from a rotating food box). No differences were found in the rate of conditioned alimentary reflex elaboration between the hippocampectomized and control rats at 100 percent an...

PURPOSE Gastroenterologists have been seeking reliable noninvasive indices of inflammatory and malignant bowel disease. This prospective study was to assess the value of fecal calprotectin in predicting abnormal histologic findings in patients undergoing colonoscopy. METHODS Stool specimens supplied before colonoscopy by 72 consecutive patients were measured for calprotectin levels, and the f...

S T U A R T B R A D F O R D A s primary care physicians, we spend the majority of our time caring for patients with chronic diseases, but data suggest we achieve the standard of care for chronic diseases and preventive care only 50 percent to 60 percent of the time. We should not be surprised by these results. It takes time to measure and monitor our patients’ progress, and time is something we...

Breast density descriptors were estimated from ultrasound tomography (UST) and digital mammogram (DM) images of 46 anthropomorphic software breast phantoms. Each phantom simulated a 450 ml or 700 ml breast with volumetric percent density (PD) values between 10% and 50%. The UST based volumetric breast density (VBD) estimates were calculated by thresholding the reconstructed UST images. Percent ...

BACKGROUND Whole body vibration (WBV) confers a continuous vibration stimuli to the body. While some reports have described the effects of WBV on bone mineral density, muscle mass, muscle power, study of WBV effects on body composition in postmenopausal women is rare. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effect of WBV on the changes of body weight and body composition in postmenopausa...

Background Competing claims are made about the amount of money that pharmaceutical companies spend on research and development (R&D) versus promotion. This study investigates this question in the Canadian context. Methods Two methods for determining industry-wide figures for spending on promotion were employed. First, total industry spending on detailing and journal advertising for 2013-2016 ...

Investing in research and development spending (R&D) affects total factor productivity (TFP).Recently new theories of economic growth have emphasized the relationship between R&D and TFPand also identified a number of channels through which a country’s R&D affects TFP of its tradepartner. This study seeks to estimate the effect of agricultural R&D and education spending and someother factors on...

We have studied the effects of the H3-receptor agonist (R) alpha-methylhistamine [(R) alpha-MeHA] and the H3-receptor antagonist thioperamide (Thiop) on basal- and carbachol-stimulated vascular gastrin release (GR) and somatostatin release (SR) by the isolated rat stomach. Carbachol dose-dependently stimulated and inhibited GR and SR, respectively. Maximal stimulation of GR (500 +/- 112 percent...